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commit fdb06cfc11194435e7d0d06fcc4245a326ab5f83
parent b322460f3ea23f1a124d3ef4e4cb8e9508635e20
Author: Greg Hendershott <greghendershott@gmail.com>
Date:   Fri, 26 Oct 2012 14:34:33 -0400

Regen HTML.

Diffstat:
Mindex.html | 133++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++---------------------------------------
1 file changed, 68 insertions(+), 65 deletions(-)

diff --git a/index.html b/index.html @@ -1,8 +1,8 @@ <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"> -<html><head><meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text-html; charset=utf-8" /><title>Fear of Macros</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="scribble.css" title="default" /><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="racket.css" title="default" /><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="scribble-style.css" title="default" /><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="gh.css" title="default" /><script type="text/javascript" src="scribble-common.js"></script><!--[if IE 6]><style type="text/css">.SIEHidden { overflow: hidden; }</style><![endif]--><link href='http://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Fenix' rel='stylesheet' type='text/css'><script type="text/javascript">var _gaq = _gaq || [];_gaq.push(['_setAccount', 'UA-29709446-1']);_gaq.push(['_setDomainName', 'greghendershott.com']);_gaq.push(['_trackPageview']);(function() {var ga = document.createElement('script'); ga.type = 'text/javascript'; ga.async = true;ga.src = ('https:' == document.location.protocol ? 'https://ssl' : 'http://www') + '.google-analytics.com/ga.js';var s = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; s.parentNode.insertBefore(ga, s);})();</script></head><body id="scribble-racket-lang-org"><div class="tocset"><div class="tocview"><div class="tocviewlist" style="margin-bottom: 1em;"><div class="tocviewtitle"><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"><tr><td style="width: 1em;"><a href="javascript:void(0);" title="Expand/Collapse" class="tocviewtoggle" onclick="TocviewToggle(this,&quot;tocview_0&quot;);">&#9658;</a></td><td></td><td><a href="" class="tocviewselflink" pltdoc="x">Fear of Macros</a></td></tr></table></div><div class="tocviewsublistonly" style="display: none;" id="tocview_0"><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"><tr><td align="right">1&nbsp;</td><td><a href="#(part._.Introduction)" class="tocviewlink" pltdoc="x">Introduction</a></td></tr><tr><td align="right">2&nbsp;</td><td><a href="#(part._.The_plan_of_attack)" class="tocviewlink" pltdoc="x">The plan of attack</a></td></tr><tr><td align="right">3&nbsp;</td><td><a href="#(part._.Transformers)" class="tocviewlink" pltdoc="x">Transformers</a></td></tr><tr><td align="right">4&nbsp;</td><td><a href="#(part._.Pattern_matching__syntax-case_and_syntax-rules)" class="tocviewlink" pltdoc="x">Pattern matching:<span class="mywbr"> </span> syntax-<wbr></wbr>case and syntax-<wbr></wbr>rules</a></td></tr><tr><td align="right">5&nbsp;</td><td><a href="#(part._.Syntax_parameters)" class="tocviewlink" pltdoc="x">Syntax parameters</a></td></tr><tr><td align="right">6&nbsp;</td><td><a href="#(part._.Robust_macros__syntax-parse)" class="tocviewlink" pltdoc="x">Robust macros:<span class="mywbr"> </span> syntax-<wbr></wbr>parse</a></td></tr><tr><td align="right">7&nbsp;</td><td><a href="#(part._.Other_questions)" class="tocviewlink" pltdoc="x">Other questions</a></td></tr><tr><td align="right">8&nbsp;</td><td><a href="#(part._.References_.Acknowledgments)" class="tocviewlink" pltdoc="x">References/<span class="mywbr"> </span>Acknowledgments</a></td></tr><tr><td align="right">9&nbsp;</td><td><a href="#(part._.Epilogue)" class="tocviewlink" pltdoc="x">Epilogue</a></td></tr></table></div></div></div><div class="tocsub"><table class="tocsublist" cellspacing="0"><tr><td><span class="tocsublinknumber">1<tt>&nbsp;</tt></span><a href="#(part._.Introduction)" class="tocsubseclink" pltdoc="x">Introduction</a></td></tr><tr><td><span class="tocsublinknumber">2<tt>&nbsp;</tt></span><a href="#(part._.The_plan_of_attack)" class="tocsubseclink" pltdoc="x">The plan of attack</a></td></tr><tr><td><span class="tocsublinknumber">3<tt>&nbsp;</tt></span><a href="#(part._.Transformers)" class="tocsubseclink" pltdoc="x">Transformers</a></td></tr><tr><td><span class="tocsublinknumber">3.1<tt>&nbsp;</tt></span><a href="#(part._.What_is_a_syntax_transformer_)" class="tocsubseclink" pltdoc="x">What is a syntax transformer?</a></td></tr><tr><td><span class="tocsublinknumber">3.2<tt>&nbsp;</tt></span><a href="#(part._.What_s_the_input_)" class="tocsubseclink" pltdoc="x">What&rsquo;s the input?</a></td></tr><tr><td><span class="tocsublinknumber">3.3<tt>&nbsp;</tt></span><a href="#(part._.Actually_transforming_the_input)" class="tocsubseclink" pltdoc="x">Actually transforming the input</a></td></tr><tr><td><span class="tocsublinknumber">3.4<tt>&nbsp;</tt></span><a href="#(part._.Compile_time_vs__run_time)" class="tocsubseclink" pltdoc="x">Compile time vs. run time</a></td></tr><tr><td><span class="tocsublinknumber">3.5<tt>&nbsp;</tt></span><a href="#(part._begin-for-syntax)" class="tocsubseclink" pltdoc="x"><span class="RktSym"><span class="RktStxLink">begin-<wbr></wbr>for-<wbr></wbr>syntax</span></span></a></td></tr><tr><td><span class="tocsublinknumber">4<tt>&nbsp;</tt></span><a href="#(part._.Pattern_matching__syntax-case_and_syntax-rules)" class="tocsubseclink" pltdoc="x">Pattern matching:<span class="mywbr"> </span> syntax-<wbr></wbr>case and syntax-<wbr></wbr>rules</a></td></tr><tr><td><span class="tocsublinknumber">4.1<tt>&nbsp;</tt></span><a href="#(part._.Patterns_and_templates)" class="tocsubseclink" pltdoc="x">Patterns and templates</a></td></tr><tr><td><span class="tocsublinknumber">4.1.1<tt>&nbsp;</tt></span><a href="#(part.__.A_pattern_variable_can_t_be_used_outside_of_a_template_)" class="tocsubseclink" pltdoc="x">"A pattern variable can&rsquo;t be used outside of a template"</a></td></tr><tr><td><span class="tocsublinknumber">5<tt>&nbsp;</tt></span><a href="#(part._.Syntax_parameters)" class="tocsubseclink" pltdoc="x">Syntax parameters</a></td></tr><tr><td><span class="tocsublinknumber">6<tt>&nbsp;</tt></span><a href="#(part._.Robust_macros__syntax-parse)" class="tocsubseclink" pltdoc="x">Robust macros:<span class="mywbr"> </span> syntax-<wbr></wbr>parse</a></td></tr><tr><td><span class="tocsublinknumber">7<tt>&nbsp;</tt></span><a href="#(part._.Other_questions)" class="tocsubseclink" pltdoc="x">Other questions</a></td></tr><tr><td><span class="tocsublinknumber">7.1<tt>&nbsp;</tt></span><a href="#(part._.What_s_the_point_of_with-syntax_)" class="tocsubseclink" pltdoc="x">What&rsquo;s the point of <span class="RktSym"><span class="RktStxLink">with-<wbr></wbr>syntax</span></span>?</a></td></tr><tr><td><span class="tocsublinknumber">7.2<tt>&nbsp;</tt></span><a href="#(part._.What_s_the_point_of_begin-for-syntax_)" class="tocsubseclink" pltdoc="x">What&rsquo;s the point of <span class="RktSym"><span class="RktStxLink">begin-<wbr></wbr>for-<wbr></wbr>syntax</span></span>?</a></td></tr><tr><td><span class="tocsublinknumber">7.3<tt>&nbsp;</tt></span><a href="#(part._.What_s_the_point_of_racket_splicing_)" class="tocsubseclink" pltdoc="x">What&rsquo;s the point of <span class="RktSym">racket/<span class="mywbr"> </span>splicing</span>?</a></td></tr><tr><td><span class="tocsublinknumber">8<tt>&nbsp;</tt></span><a href="#(part._.References_.Acknowledgments)" class="tocsubseclink" pltdoc="x">References/<span class="mywbr"> </span>Acknowledgments</a></td></tr><tr><td><span class="tocsublinknumber">9<tt>&nbsp;</tt></span><a href="#(part._.Epilogue)" class="tocsubseclink" pltdoc="x">Epilogue</a></td></tr></table></div></div><div class="maincolumn"><div class="main"><h2><a name="(part._.Fear_of_.Macros)"></a>Fear of Macros</h2><div class="SAuthorListBox"><span class="SAuthorList"><p class="author"><a href="https://github.com/greghendershott/fear-of-macros/issues">Greg Hendershott</a></p></span></div><p><div class="SIntrapara"><img src="fear-of-macros.jpg" alt="" /> +<html><head><meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text-html; charset=utf-8" /><title>Fear of Macros</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="scribble.css" title="default" /><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="racket.css" title="default" /><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="scribble-style.css" title="default" /><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="gh.css" title="default" /><script type="text/javascript" src="scribble-common.js"></script><!--[if IE 6]><style type="text/css">.SIEHidden { overflow: hidden; }</style><![endif]--><link href='http://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Fenix' rel='stylesheet' type='text/css'><script type="text/javascript">var _gaq = _gaq || [];_gaq.push(['_setAccount', 'UA-29709446-1']);_gaq.push(['_setDomainName', 'greghendershott.com']);_gaq.push(['_trackPageview']);(function() {var ga = document.createElement('script'); ga.type = 'text/javascript'; ga.async = true;ga.src = ('https:' == document.location.protocol ? 'https://ssl' : 'http://www') + '.google-analytics.com/ga.js';var s = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; s.parentNode.insertBefore(ga, s);})();</script></head><body id="scribble-racket-lang-org"><div class="tocset"><div class="tocview"><div class="tocviewlist" style="margin-bottom: 1em;"><div class="tocviewtitle"><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"><tr><td style="width: 1em;"><a href="javascript:void(0);" title="Expand/Collapse" class="tocviewtoggle" onclick="TocviewToggle(this,&quot;tocview_0&quot;);">&#9658;</a></td><td></td><td><a href="" class="tocviewselflink" pltdoc="x">Fear of Macros</a></td></tr></table></div><div class="tocviewsublistonly" style="display: none;" id="tocview_0"><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"><tr><td align="right">1&nbsp;</td><td><a href="#(part._.Preface)" class="tocviewlink" pltdoc="x">Preface</a></td></tr><tr><td align="right">2&nbsp;</td><td><a href="#(part._.The_plan_of_attack)" class="tocviewlink" pltdoc="x">The plan of attack</a></td></tr><tr><td align="right">3&nbsp;</td><td><a href="#(part._.Transformers)" class="tocviewlink" pltdoc="x">Transformers</a></td></tr><tr><td align="right">4&nbsp;</td><td><a href="#(part._.Pattern_matching__syntax-case_and_syntax-rules)" class="tocviewlink" pltdoc="x">Pattern matching:<span class="mywbr"> </span> syntax-<wbr></wbr>case and syntax-<wbr></wbr>rules</a></td></tr><tr><td align="right">5&nbsp;</td><td><a href="#(part._.Syntax_parameters)" class="tocviewlink" pltdoc="x">Syntax parameters</a></td></tr><tr><td align="right">6&nbsp;</td><td><a href="#(part._.Robust_macros__syntax-parse)" class="tocviewlink" pltdoc="x">Robust macros:<span class="mywbr"> </span> syntax-<wbr></wbr>parse</a></td></tr><tr><td align="right">7&nbsp;</td><td><a href="#(part._.Other_questions)" class="tocviewlink" pltdoc="x">Other questions</a></td></tr><tr><td align="right">8&nbsp;</td><td><a href="#(part._.References_and_.Acknowledgments)" class="tocviewlink" pltdoc="x">References and Acknowledgments</a></td></tr><tr><td align="right">9&nbsp;</td><td><a href="#(part._.Epilogue)" class="tocviewlink" pltdoc="x">Epilogue</a></td></tr></table></div></div></div><div class="tocsub"><table class="tocsublist" cellspacing="0"><tr><td><span class="tocsublinknumber">1<tt>&nbsp;</tt></span><a href="#(part._.Preface)" class="tocsubseclink" pltdoc="x">Preface</a></td></tr><tr><td><span class="tocsublinknumber">2<tt>&nbsp;</tt></span><a href="#(part._.The_plan_of_attack)" class="tocsubseclink" pltdoc="x">The plan of attack</a></td></tr><tr><td><span class="tocsublinknumber">3<tt>&nbsp;</tt></span><a href="#(part._.Transformers)" class="tocsubseclink" pltdoc="x">Transformers</a></td></tr><tr><td><span class="tocsublinknumber">3.1<tt>&nbsp;</tt></span><a href="#(part._.What_is_a_syntax_transformer_)" class="tocsubseclink" pltdoc="x">What is a syntax transformer?</a></td></tr><tr><td><span class="tocsublinknumber">3.2<tt>&nbsp;</tt></span><a href="#(part._.What_s_the_input_)" class="tocsubseclink" pltdoc="x">What&rsquo;s the input?</a></td></tr><tr><td><span class="tocsublinknumber">3.3<tt>&nbsp;</tt></span><a href="#(part._.Actually_transforming_the_input)" class="tocsubseclink" pltdoc="x">Actually transforming the input</a></td></tr><tr><td><span class="tocsublinknumber">3.4<tt>&nbsp;</tt></span><a href="#(part._.Compile_time_vs__run_time)" class="tocsubseclink" pltdoc="x">Compile time vs. run time</a></td></tr><tr><td><span class="tocsublinknumber">3.5<tt>&nbsp;</tt></span><a href="#(part._begin-for-syntax)" class="tocsubseclink" pltdoc="x"><span class="RktSym"><span class="RktStxLink">begin-<wbr></wbr>for-<wbr></wbr>syntax</span></span></a></td></tr><tr><td><span class="tocsublinknumber">4<tt>&nbsp;</tt></span><a href="#(part._.Pattern_matching__syntax-case_and_syntax-rules)" class="tocsubseclink" pltdoc="x">Pattern matching:<span class="mywbr"> </span> syntax-<wbr></wbr>case and syntax-<wbr></wbr>rules</a></td></tr><tr><td><span class="tocsublinknumber">4.1<tt>&nbsp;</tt></span><a href="#(part._.Patterns_and_templates)" class="tocsubseclink" pltdoc="x">Patterns and templates</a></td></tr><tr><td><span class="tocsublinknumber">4.1.1<tt>&nbsp;</tt></span><a href="#(part.__.A_pattern_variable_can_t_be_used_outside_of_a_template_)" class="tocsubseclink" pltdoc="x">"A pattern variable can&rsquo;t be used outside of a template"</a></td></tr><tr><td><span class="tocsublinknumber">5<tt>&nbsp;</tt></span><a href="#(part._.Syntax_parameters)" class="tocsubseclink" pltdoc="x">Syntax parameters</a></td></tr><tr><td><span class="tocsublinknumber">6<tt>&nbsp;</tt></span><a href="#(part._.Robust_macros__syntax-parse)" class="tocsubseclink" pltdoc="x">Robust macros:<span class="mywbr"> </span> syntax-<wbr></wbr>parse</a></td></tr><tr><td><span class="tocsublinknumber">7<tt>&nbsp;</tt></span><a href="#(part._.Other_questions)" class="tocsubseclink" pltdoc="x">Other questions</a></td></tr><tr><td><span class="tocsublinknumber">7.1<tt>&nbsp;</tt></span><a href="#(part._.What_s_the_point_of_with-syntax_)" class="tocsubseclink" pltdoc="x">What&rsquo;s the point of <span class="RktSym"><span class="RktStxLink">with-<wbr></wbr>syntax</span></span>?</a></td></tr><tr><td><span class="tocsublinknumber">7.2<tt>&nbsp;</tt></span><a href="#(part._.What_s_the_point_of_begin-for-syntax_)" class="tocsubseclink" pltdoc="x">What&rsquo;s the point of <span class="RktSym"><span class="RktStxLink">begin-<wbr></wbr>for-<wbr></wbr>syntax</span></span>?</a></td></tr><tr><td><span class="tocsublinknumber">7.3<tt>&nbsp;</tt></span><a href="#(part._.What_s_the_point_of_racket_splicing_)" class="tocsubseclink" pltdoc="x">What&rsquo;s the point of <span class="RktSym">racket/<span class="mywbr"> </span>splicing</span>?</a></td></tr><tr><td><span class="tocsublinknumber">8<tt>&nbsp;</tt></span><a href="#(part._.References_and_.Acknowledgments)" class="tocsubseclink" pltdoc="x">References and Acknowledgments</a></td></tr><tr><td><span class="tocsublinknumber">9<tt>&nbsp;</tt></span><a href="#(part._.Epilogue)" class="tocsubseclink" pltdoc="x">Epilogue</a></td></tr></table></div></div><div class="maincolumn"><div class="main"><h2><a name="(part._.Fear_of_.Macros)"></a>Fear of Macros</h2><div class="SAuthorListBox"><span class="SAuthorList"><p class="author"><a href="https://github.com/greghendershott/fear-of-macros/issues">Greg Hendershott</a></p></span></div><p><div class="SIntrapara"><img src="fear-of-macros.jpg" alt="" /> </div><div class="SIntrapara"></div><div class="SIntrapara"><span class="Smaller">Copyright (c) 2012 by Greg Hendershott. All rights reserved.</span> -</div><div class="SIntrapara"><span class="Smaller">Last updated 2012-10-26 13:34:38</span></div><div class="SIntrapara"><table cellspacing="0"><tr><td><p><span class="hspace">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><a href="#(part._.Introduction)" class="toptoclink" pltdoc="x">1<span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span>Introduction</a></p></td></tr><tr><td><p><span class="hspace"></span></p></td></tr><tr><td><p><span class="hspace">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><a href="#(part._.The_plan_of_attack)" class="toptoclink" pltdoc="x">2<span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span>The plan of attack</a></p></td></tr><tr><td><p><span class="hspace"></span></p></td></tr><tr><td><p><span class="hspace">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><a href="#(part._.Transformers)" class="toptoclink" pltdoc="x">3<span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span>Transformers</a></p></td></tr><tr><td><p><span class="hspace">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><a href="#(part._.What_is_a_syntax_transformer_)" class="toclink" pltdoc="x">3.1<span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span>What is a syntax transformer?</a></p></td></tr><tr><td><p><span class="hspace">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><a href="#(part._.What_s_the_input_)" class="toclink" pltdoc="x">3.2<span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span>What&rsquo;s the input?</a></p></td></tr><tr><td><p><span class="hspace">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><a href="#(part._.Actually_transforming_the_input)" class="toclink" pltdoc="x">3.3<span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span>Actually transforming the input</a></p></td></tr><tr><td><p><span class="hspace">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><a href="#(part._.Compile_time_vs__run_time)" class="toclink" pltdoc="x">3.4<span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span>Compile time vs. run time</a></p></td></tr><tr><td><p><span class="hspace">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><a href="#(part._begin-for-syntax)" class="toclink" pltdoc="x">3.5<span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktSym"><span class="RktStxLink">begin-for-syntax</span></span></a></p></td></tr><tr><td><p><span class="hspace"></span></p></td></tr><tr><td><p><span class="hspace">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><a href="#(part._.Pattern_matching__syntax-case_and_syntax-rules)" class="toptoclink" pltdoc="x">4<span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span>Pattern matching: syntax-case and syntax-rules</a></p></td></tr><tr><td><p><span class="hspace">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><a href="#(part._.Patterns_and_templates)" class="toclink" pltdoc="x">4.1<span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span>Patterns and templates</a></p></td></tr><tr><td><p><span class="hspace">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><a href="#(part.__.A_pattern_variable_can_t_be_used_outside_of_a_template_)" class="toclink" pltdoc="x">4.1.1<span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span>"A pattern variable can&rsquo;t be used outside of a template"</a></p></td></tr><tr><td><p><span class="hspace"></span></p></td></tr><tr><td><p><span class="hspace">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><a href="#(part._.Syntax_parameters)" class="toptoclink" pltdoc="x">5<span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span>Syntax parameters</a></p></td></tr><tr><td><p><span class="hspace"></span></p></td></tr><tr><td><p><span class="hspace">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><a href="#(part._.Robust_macros__syntax-parse)" class="toptoclink" pltdoc="x">6<span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span>Robust macros: syntax-parse</a></p></td></tr><tr><td><p><span class="hspace"></span></p></td></tr><tr><td><p><span class="hspace">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><a href="#(part._.Other_questions)" class="toptoclink" pltdoc="x">7<span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span>Other questions</a></p></td></tr><tr><td><p><span class="hspace">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><a href="#(part._.What_s_the_point_of_with-syntax_)" class="toclink" pltdoc="x">7.1<span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span>What&rsquo;s the point of <span class="RktSym"><span class="RktStxLink">with-syntax</span></span>?</a></p></td></tr><tr><td><p><span class="hspace">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><a href="#(part._.What_s_the_point_of_begin-for-syntax_)" class="toclink" pltdoc="x">7.2<span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span>What&rsquo;s the point of <span class="RktSym"><span class="RktStxLink">begin-for-syntax</span></span>?</a></p></td></tr><tr><td><p><span class="hspace">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><a href="#(part._.What_s_the_point_of_racket_splicing_)" class="toclink" pltdoc="x">7.3<span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span>What&rsquo;s the point of <span class="RktSym">racket/splicing</span>?</a></p></td></tr><tr><td><p><span class="hspace"></span></p></td></tr><tr><td><p><span class="hspace">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><a href="#(part._.References_.Acknowledgments)" class="toptoclink" pltdoc="x">8<span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span>References/Acknowledgments</a></p></td></tr><tr><td><p><span class="hspace"></span></p></td></tr><tr><td><p><span class="hspace">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><a href="#(part._.Epilogue)" class="toptoclink" pltdoc="x">9<span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span>Epilogue</a></p></td></tr></table></div></p><h3>1<tt>&nbsp;</tt><a name="(part._.Introduction)"></a>Introduction</h3><p>I learned Racket after 25 years of doing C/C++ imperative programming.</p><p>Some psychic whiplash resulted.</p><p>"All the parentheses" was actually not a big deal. Instead, the first +</div><div class="SIntrapara"><span class="Smaller">Last updated 2012-10-26 14:32:54</span></div><div class="SIntrapara"><table cellspacing="0"><tr><td><p><span class="hspace">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><a href="#(part._.Preface)" class="toptoclink" pltdoc="x">1<span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span>Preface</a></p></td></tr><tr><td><p><span class="hspace"></span></p></td></tr><tr><td><p><span class="hspace">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><a href="#(part._.The_plan_of_attack)" class="toptoclink" pltdoc="x">2<span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span>The plan of attack</a></p></td></tr><tr><td><p><span class="hspace"></span></p></td></tr><tr><td><p><span class="hspace">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><a href="#(part._.Transformers)" class="toptoclink" pltdoc="x">3<span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span>Transformers</a></p></td></tr><tr><td><p><span class="hspace">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><a href="#(part._.What_is_a_syntax_transformer_)" class="toclink" pltdoc="x">3.1<span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span>What is a syntax transformer?</a></p></td></tr><tr><td><p><span class="hspace">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><a href="#(part._.What_s_the_input_)" class="toclink" pltdoc="x">3.2<span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span>What&rsquo;s the input?</a></p></td></tr><tr><td><p><span class="hspace">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><a href="#(part._.Actually_transforming_the_input)" class="toclink" pltdoc="x">3.3<span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span>Actually transforming the input</a></p></td></tr><tr><td><p><span class="hspace">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><a href="#(part._.Compile_time_vs__run_time)" class="toclink" pltdoc="x">3.4<span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span>Compile time vs. run time</a></p></td></tr><tr><td><p><span class="hspace">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><a href="#(part._begin-for-syntax)" class="toclink" pltdoc="x">3.5<span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktSym"><span class="RktStxLink">begin-for-syntax</span></span></a></p></td></tr><tr><td><p><span class="hspace"></span></p></td></tr><tr><td><p><span class="hspace">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><a href="#(part._.Pattern_matching__syntax-case_and_syntax-rules)" class="toptoclink" pltdoc="x">4<span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span>Pattern matching: syntax-case and syntax-rules</a></p></td></tr><tr><td><p><span class="hspace">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><a href="#(part._.Patterns_and_templates)" class="toclink" pltdoc="x">4.1<span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span>Patterns and templates</a></p></td></tr><tr><td><p><span class="hspace">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><a href="#(part.__.A_pattern_variable_can_t_be_used_outside_of_a_template_)" class="toclink" pltdoc="x">4.1.1<span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span>"A pattern variable can&rsquo;t be used outside of a template"</a></p></td></tr><tr><td><p><span class="hspace"></span></p></td></tr><tr><td><p><span class="hspace">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><a href="#(part._.Syntax_parameters)" class="toptoclink" pltdoc="x">5<span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span>Syntax parameters</a></p></td></tr><tr><td><p><span class="hspace"></span></p></td></tr><tr><td><p><span class="hspace">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><a href="#(part._.Robust_macros__syntax-parse)" class="toptoclink" pltdoc="x">6<span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span>Robust macros: syntax-parse</a></p></td></tr><tr><td><p><span class="hspace"></span></p></td></tr><tr><td><p><span class="hspace">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><a href="#(part._.Other_questions)" class="toptoclink" pltdoc="x">7<span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span>Other questions</a></p></td></tr><tr><td><p><span class="hspace">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><a href="#(part._.What_s_the_point_of_with-syntax_)" class="toclink" pltdoc="x">7.1<span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span>What&rsquo;s the point of <span class="RktSym"><span class="RktStxLink">with-syntax</span></span>?</a></p></td></tr><tr><td><p><span class="hspace">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><a href="#(part._.What_s_the_point_of_begin-for-syntax_)" class="toclink" pltdoc="x">7.2<span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span>What&rsquo;s the point of <span class="RktSym"><span class="RktStxLink">begin-for-syntax</span></span>?</a></p></td></tr><tr><td><p><span class="hspace">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><a href="#(part._.What_s_the_point_of_racket_splicing_)" class="toclink" pltdoc="x">7.3<span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span>What&rsquo;s the point of <span class="RktSym">racket/splicing</span>?</a></p></td></tr><tr><td><p><span class="hspace"></span></p></td></tr><tr><td><p><span class="hspace">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><a href="#(part._.References_and_.Acknowledgments)" class="toptoclink" pltdoc="x">8<span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span>References and Acknowledgments</a></p></td></tr><tr><td><p><span class="hspace"></span></p></td></tr><tr><td><p><span class="hspace">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><a href="#(part._.Epilogue)" class="toptoclink" pltdoc="x">9<span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span>Epilogue</a></p></td></tr></table></div></p><h3>1<tt>&nbsp;</tt><a name="(part._.Preface)"></a>Preface</h3><p>I learned Racket after 25 years of mostly using C and C++.</p><p>Some psychic whiplash resulted.</p><p>"All the parentheses" was actually not a big deal. Instead, the first mind warp was functional programming. Before long I wrapped my brain around it, and went on to become comfortable and effective with many other aspects and features of Racket.</p><p>But two final frontiers remained: Macros and continuations.</p><p>I found that simple macros were easy and understandable, plus there @@ -15,10 +15,10 @@ going on. Gah.</p><p>I&rsquo;m starting to write this at the point where the sha emerging from the fog.</p><blockquote class="refpara"><blockquote class="refcolumn"><blockquote class="refcontent"><p>If you have any corrections, criticisms, complaints, or whatever, <a href="https://github.com/greghendershott/fear-of-macros/issues">please let me know</a>.</p></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote><p>My primary motive is selfish. Explaining something forces me to learn -it more thoroughly. Plus I expect that if I write something with -mistakes, other people will be eager to point them out and correct -me. Is that a social-engineering variation of meta-programming? Next -question, please. :)</p><p>Finally I do hope it may help other people who have a similar +it more thoroughly. Plus if I write something with mistakes, other +people will be eager to point them out and correct me. Is that a +social-engineering variation of meta-programming? Next question, +please. :)</p><p>Finally I do hope it may help other people who have a similar background and/or learning style as me.</p><p>I want to show how Racket macro features have evolved as solutions to problems or annoyances. I learn more quickly and deeply when I discover the answer to a question I already have, or find the solution @@ -38,12 +38,12 @@ if we want to write the ever-popular anaphoric if, with a "magic variable"? It turns out we&rsquo;ve been protected from making certain kind of mistakes. When we want to do this kind of thing on purpose, we use a <span class="RktSym"><a href="http://docs.racket-lang.org/reference/stx-patterns.html#(form._((lib._racket%2Fprivate%2Fstxcase-scheme..rkt)._syntax))" class="RktStxLink" pltdoc="x">syntax</a></span><span class="stt"> </span><span class="RktSym">parameter</span>. [There are other, older ways to do -this. We won&rsquo;t look at them. We also won&rsquo;t spend a lot of time talking -about "hygiene".]</p><p>4. Finally, we&rsquo;ll realize that our macros could be smarter when -they&rsquo;re used in error. Normal Racket functions can optionally have -contracts and types. These can catch mistakes and provide clear, +this. We won&rsquo;t look at them. We also won&rsquo;t spend a lot of time +advocating "hygiene"&#8212;<wbr></wbr>we&rsquo;ll just stipulate that it&rsquo;s good.]</p><p>4. Finally, we&rsquo;ll realize that our macros could be smarter when +they&rsquo;re used in error. Normal Racket functions optionally can have +contracts and types. These catch usage mistakes and provide clear, useful error messages. It would be great if there were something -similar for macros, and there is. One of the more-recent Racket macro +similar for macro. There is. One of the more-recent Racket macro enhancements is <span class="RktSym"><a href="http://docs.racket-lang.org/syntax/Parsing_Syntax.html#(form._((lib._syntax%2Fparse..rkt)._syntax-parse))" class="RktStxLink" pltdoc="x">syntax-parse</a></span>.</p><h3>3<tt>&nbsp;</tt><a name="(part._.Transformers)"></a>Transformers</h3><p><table cellspacing="0"><tr><td><p><span class="stt"><span class="hspace">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="stt">YOU ARE INSIDE A ROOM.</span></span></p></td></tr><tr><td><p><span class="stt"><span class="hspace">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="stt">THERE ARE KEYS ON THE GROUND.</span></span></p></td></tr><tr><td><p><span class="stt"><span class="hspace">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="stt">THERE IS A SHINY BRASS LAMP NEARBY.</span></span></p></td></tr><tr><td><p><span class="stt"><span class="hspace">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="stt"></span></span></p></td></tr><tr><td><p><span class="stt"><span class="hspace">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="stt">IF YOU GO THE WRONG WAY, YOU WILL BECOME</span></span></p></td></tr><tr><td><p><span class="stt"><span class="hspace">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="stt">HOPELESSLY LOST AND CONFUSED.</span></span></p></td></tr><tr><td><p><span class="stt"><span class="hspace">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="stt"></span></span></p></td></tr><tr><td><p><span class="stt"><span class="hspace">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="stt">&gt; pick up the keys</span></span></p></td></tr><tr><td><p><span class="stt"><span class="hspace">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="stt"></span></span></p></td></tr><tr><td><p><span class="stt"><span class="hspace">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="stt">YOU HAVE A SYNTAX TRANSFORMER</span></span></p></td></tr></table></p><h4>3.1<tt>&nbsp;</tt><a name="(part._.What_is_a_syntax_transformer_)"></a>What is a syntax transformer?</h4><p>A syntax transformer is not one of the &#12488;&#12521;&#12531;&#12473;&#12501;&#12457;&#12540;&#12510; <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transformers">transformers</a>.</p><p>Instead, it is simply a function. The function takes syntax and returns syntax. It transforms syntax.</p><p>Here&rsquo;s a transformer function that ignores its input syntax, and @@ -115,28 +115,27 @@ something like <span class="RktSym">racket/match</span>, we have to require it ourselves&#8212;<wbr></wbr>and require it <span style="font-style: italic">for compile time</span>. Instead of using plain <span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://docs.racket-lang.org/reference/require.html#(form._((lib._racket%2Fprivate%2Fbase..rkt)._require))" class="RktStxLink" pltdoc="x">require</a></span><span class="stt"> </span><span class="RktSym">racket/match</span><span class="RktPn">)</span>, the way to say this is to use <span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://docs.racket-lang.org/reference/require.html#(form._((lib._racket%2Fprivate%2Fbase..rkt)._require))" class="RktStxLink" pltdoc="x">require</a></span><span class="stt"> </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://docs.racket-lang.org/reference/require.html#(form._((lib._racket%2Fprivate%2Fbase..rkt)._for-syntax))" class="RktStxLink" pltdoc="x">for-syntax</a></span><span class="stt"> </span><span class="RktSym">racket/match</span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="RktPn">)</span>&#8212;<wbr></wbr>the <span class="RktSym"><a href="http://docs.racket-lang.org/reference/require.html#(form._((lib._racket%2Fprivate%2Fbase..rkt)._for-syntax))" class="RktStxLink" pltdoc="x">for-syntax</a></span> -part meaning, "for compile time".</p><p>So let&rsquo;s try that:</p><blockquote class="SCodeFlow"><table cellspacing="0" class="RktBlk"><tr><td><span class="stt">&gt; </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://docs.racket-lang.org/reference/require.html#(form._((lib._racket%2Fprivate%2Fbase..rkt)._require))" class="RktStxLink" pltdoc="x">require</a></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://docs.racket-lang.org/reference/require.html#(form._((lib._racket%2Fprivate%2Fbase..rkt)._for-syntax))" class="RktStxLink" pltdoc="x">for-syntax</a></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktSym">racket/match</span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr><tr><td><table cellspacing="0" class="RktBlk"><tr><td><span class="stt">&gt; </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://docs.racket-lang.org/reference/define.html#(form._((lib._racket%2Fprivate%2Fbase..rkt)._define-syntax))" class="RktStxLink" pltdoc="x">define-syntax</a></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym">our-if-using-match-v2</span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktSym">stx</span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="RktPlain"><span class="hspace">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://docs.racket-lang.org/reference/match.html#(form._((lib._racket%2Fmatch..rkt)._match))" class="RktStxLink" pltdoc="x">match</a></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://docs.racket-lang.org/reference/stxops.html#(def._((quote._~23~25kernel)._syntax-~3elist))" class="RktValLink" pltdoc="x">syntax-&gt;list</a></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktSym">stx</span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="RktPlain"><span class="hspace">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="RktPn">[</span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://docs.racket-lang.org/reference/pairs.html#(def._((quote._~23~25kernel)._list))" class="RktValLink" pltdoc="x">list</a></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://docs.racket-lang.org/reference/stx-patterns.html#(form._((lib._racket%2Fprivate%2Fstxcase-scheme..rkt).__))" class="RktStxLink" pltdoc="x">_</a></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktSym">condition</span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktSym">true-expr</span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktSym">false-expr</span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="RktPlain"><span class="hspace">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://docs.racket-lang.org/reference/stxops.html#(def._((quote._~23~25kernel)._datum-~3esyntax))" class="RktValLink" pltdoc="x">datum-&gt;syntax</a></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktSym">stx</span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktVal">`</span><span class="RktVal">(</span><span class="RktVal">cond</span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktVal">[</span><span class="RktRdr">,</span><span class="RktSym">condition</span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktRdr">,</span><span class="RktSym">true-expr</span><span class="RktVal">]</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="RktPlain"><span class="hspace">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="RktVal">[</span><span class="RktVal">else</span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktRdr">,</span><span class="RktSym">false-expr</span><span class="RktVal">]</span><span class="RktVal">)</span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="RktPn">]</span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr></table></td></tr><tr><td><span class="stt">&gt; </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym">our-if-using-match-v2</span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktVal">#t</span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktVal">"true"</span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktVal">"false"</span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr><tr><td><p><span class="RktRes">"true"</span></p></td></tr></table></blockquote><h4>3.5<tt>&nbsp;</tt><a name="(part._begin-for-syntax)"></a><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://docs.racket-lang.org/reference/begin.html#(form._((quote._~23~25kernel)._begin-for-syntax))" class="RktStxLink" pltdoc="x">begin-for-syntax</a></span></h4><p>We used <span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://docs.racket-lang.org/reference/require.html#(form._((lib._racket%2Fprivate%2Fbase..rkt)._require))" class="RktStxLink" pltdoc="x">require</a></span><span class="stt"> </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://docs.racket-lang.org/reference/require.html#(form._((lib._racket%2Fprivate%2Fbase..rkt)._for-syntax))" class="RktStxLink" pltdoc="x">for-syntax</a></span><span class="stt"> </span><span class="RktSym">racket/match</span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="RktPn">)</span> to -<span class="RktSym"><a href="http://docs.racket-lang.org/reference/require.html#(form._((lib._racket%2Fprivate%2Fbase..rkt)._require))" class="RktStxLink" pltdoc="x">require</a></span> <span class="RktSym"><a href="http://docs.racket-lang.org/reference/match.html#(form._((lib._racket%2Fmatch..rkt)._match))" class="RktStxLink" pltdoc="x">match</a></span> because we needed to use -<span class="RktSym"><a href="http://docs.racket-lang.org/reference/match.html#(form._((lib._racket%2Fmatch..rkt)._match))" class="RktStxLink" pltdoc="x">match</a></span> at compiler time.</p><p>What if we wanted to make some helper function that could be used by a +part meaning, "for compile time".</p><p>So let&rsquo;s try that:</p><blockquote class="SCodeFlow"><table cellspacing="0" class="RktBlk"><tr><td><span class="stt">&gt; </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://docs.racket-lang.org/reference/require.html#(form._((lib._racket%2Fprivate%2Fbase..rkt)._require))" class="RktStxLink" pltdoc="x">require</a></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://docs.racket-lang.org/reference/require.html#(form._((lib._racket%2Fprivate%2Fbase..rkt)._for-syntax))" class="RktStxLink" pltdoc="x">for-syntax</a></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktSym">racket/match</span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr><tr><td><table cellspacing="0" class="RktBlk"><tr><td><span class="stt">&gt; </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://docs.racket-lang.org/reference/define.html#(form._((lib._racket%2Fprivate%2Fbase..rkt)._define-syntax))" class="RktStxLink" pltdoc="x">define-syntax</a></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym">our-if-using-match-v2</span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktSym">stx</span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="RktPlain"><span class="hspace">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://docs.racket-lang.org/reference/match.html#(form._((lib._racket%2Fmatch..rkt)._match))" class="RktStxLink" pltdoc="x">match</a></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://docs.racket-lang.org/reference/stxops.html#(def._((quote._~23~25kernel)._syntax-~3elist))" class="RktValLink" pltdoc="x">syntax-&gt;list</a></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktSym">stx</span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="RktPlain"><span class="hspace">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="RktPn">[</span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://docs.racket-lang.org/reference/pairs.html#(def._((quote._~23~25kernel)._list))" class="RktValLink" pltdoc="x">list</a></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://docs.racket-lang.org/reference/stx-patterns.html#(form._((lib._racket%2Fprivate%2Fstxcase-scheme..rkt).__))" class="RktStxLink" pltdoc="x">_</a></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktSym">condition</span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktSym">true-expr</span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktSym">false-expr</span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="RktPlain"><span class="hspace">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://docs.racket-lang.org/reference/stxops.html#(def._((quote._~23~25kernel)._datum-~3esyntax))" class="RktValLink" pltdoc="x">datum-&gt;syntax</a></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktSym">stx</span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktVal">`</span><span class="RktVal">(</span><span class="RktVal">cond</span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktVal">[</span><span class="RktRdr">,</span><span class="RktSym">condition</span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktRdr">,</span><span class="RktSym">true-expr</span><span class="RktVal">]</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="RktPlain"><span class="hspace">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="RktVal">[</span><span class="RktVal">else</span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktRdr">,</span><span class="RktSym">false-expr</span><span class="RktVal">]</span><span class="RktVal">)</span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="RktPn">]</span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr></table></td></tr><tr><td><span class="stt">&gt; </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym">our-if-using-match-v2</span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktVal">#t</span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktVal">"true"</span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktVal">"false"</span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr><tr><td><p><span class="RktRes">"true"</span></p></td></tr></table></blockquote><h4>3.5<tt>&nbsp;</tt><a name="(part._begin-for-syntax)"></a><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://docs.racket-lang.org/reference/begin.html#(form._((quote._~23~25kernel)._begin-for-syntax))" class="RktStxLink" pltdoc="x">begin-for-syntax</a></span></h4><p>We used <span class="RktSym"><a href="http://docs.racket-lang.org/reference/require.html#(form._((lib._racket%2Fprivate%2Fbase..rkt)._for-syntax))" class="RktStxLink" pltdoc="x">for-syntax</a></span> to <span class="RktSym"><a href="http://docs.racket-lang.org/reference/require.html#(form._((lib._racket%2Fprivate%2Fbase..rkt)._require))" class="RktStxLink" pltdoc="x">require</a></span> the +<span class="RktSym">racket/match</span> module because we needed to use <span class="RktSym"><a href="http://docs.racket-lang.org/reference/match.html#(form._((lib._racket%2Fmatch..rkt)._match))" class="RktStxLink" pltdoc="x">match</a></span> +at compile time.</p><p>What if we wanted to define our own helper function to be used by a macro? One way to do that is put it in another module, and -<span class="RktSym"><a href="http://docs.racket-lang.org/reference/require.html#(form._((lib._racket%2Fprivate%2Fbase..rkt)._require))" class="RktStxLink" pltdoc="x">require</a></span> it using <span class="RktSym">for/syntax</span>, just like we did for -<span class="RktSym"><a href="http://docs.racket-lang.org/reference/match.html#(form._((lib._racket%2Fmatch..rkt)._match))" class="RktStxLink" pltdoc="x">match</a></span>.</p><p>If we want to put the helper in the same module, we can&rsquo;t simply -<span class="RktSym"><a href="http://docs.racket-lang.org/reference/define.html#(form._((lib._racket%2Fprivate%2Fbase..rkt)._define))" class="RktStxLink" pltdoc="x">define</a></span> it and use it &ndash; the definition will exist at run -time, but we need it at compile time. The answer is to put the -definition of the helper function(s) inside <span class="RktSym"><a href="http://docs.racket-lang.org/reference/begin.html#(form._((quote._~23~25kernel)._begin-for-syntax))" class="RktStxLink" pltdoc="x">begin-for-syntax</a></span>:</p><blockquote class="SCodeFlow"><table cellspacing="0" class="RktBlk"><tr><td><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://docs.racket-lang.org/reference/begin.html#(form._((quote._~23~25kernel)._begin-for-syntax))" class="RktStxLink" pltdoc="x">begin-for-syntax</a></span><span class="RktMeta"></span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="RktMeta"></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktMeta"></span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://docs.racket-lang.org/reference/define.html#(form._((lib._racket%2Fprivate%2Fbase..rkt)._define))" class="RktStxLink" pltdoc="x">define</a></span><span class="RktMeta"></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktMeta"></span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym">my-helper-function</span><span class="RktMeta"></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktMeta"></span><span class="RktSym">x</span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="RktMeta"></span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="RktMeta"></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="RktMeta"></span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://docs.racket-lang.org/reference/generic-numbers.html#(def._((quote._~23~25kernel)._*))" class="RktValLink" pltdoc="x">*</a></span><span class="RktMeta"></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktMeta"></span><span class="RktVal">2</span><span class="RktMeta"></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktMeta"></span><span class="RktSym">x</span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="RktMeta"></span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="RktMeta"></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktMeta"></span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://docs.racket-lang.org/reference/define.html#(form._((lib._racket%2Fprivate%2Fbase..rkt)._define-syntax))" class="RktStxLink" pltdoc="x">define-syntax</a></span><span class="RktMeta"></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktMeta"></span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym">my-macro</span><span class="RktMeta"></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktMeta"></span><span class="RktSym">stx</span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="RktMeta"></span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="RktMeta"></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="RktMeta"></span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym">my-helper-function</span><span class="RktMeta"></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktMeta"></span><span class="RktSym">....</span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="RktMeta"></span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="RktMeta"></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="RktMeta"></span><span class="RktSym">....</span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="RktMeta"></span></td></tr></table></blockquote><p>To review:</p><ul><li><p>Syntax transformers work at compile time, not run time. The good -news is this means we can do things like delay evaluation, and -implement forms like <span class="RktSym"><a href="http://docs.racket-lang.org/reference/if.html#(form._((quote._~23~25kernel)._if))" class="RktStxLink" pltdoc="x">if</a></span> which simply couldn&rsquo;t work properly -as run time functions.</p></li><li><p>Some other good news is that there isn&rsquo;t some special, weird language +<span class="RktSym"><a href="http://docs.racket-lang.org/reference/require.html#(form._((lib._racket%2Fprivate%2Fbase..rkt)._require))" class="RktStxLink" pltdoc="x">require</a></span> it using <span class="RktSym"><a href="http://docs.racket-lang.org/reference/require.html#(form._((lib._racket%2Fprivate%2Fbase..rkt)._for-syntax))" class="RktStxLink" pltdoc="x">for-syntax</a></span>, just like we did with +the <span class="RktSym">racket/match</span> module.</p><p>If instead we want to put the helper in the same module, we can&rsquo;t +simply <span class="RktSym"><a href="http://docs.racket-lang.org/reference/define.html#(form._((lib._racket%2Fprivate%2Fbase..rkt)._define))" class="RktStxLink" pltdoc="x">define</a></span> it and use it&#8212;<wbr></wbr>the definition would exist at +run time, but we need it at compile time. The answer is to put the +definition of the helper function(s) inside <span class="RktSym"><a href="http://docs.racket-lang.org/reference/begin.html#(form._((quote._~23~25kernel)._begin-for-syntax))" class="RktStxLink" pltdoc="x">begin-for-syntax</a></span>:</p><blockquote class="SCodeFlow"><table cellspacing="0" class="RktBlk"><tr><td><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://docs.racket-lang.org/reference/begin.html#(form._((quote._~23~25kernel)._begin-for-syntax))" class="RktStxLink" pltdoc="x">begin-for-syntax</a></span><span class="RktMeta"></span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="RktMeta"></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktMeta"></span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://docs.racket-lang.org/reference/define.html#(form._((lib._racket%2Fprivate%2Fbase..rkt)._define))" class="RktStxLink" pltdoc="x">define</a></span><span class="RktMeta"></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktMeta"></span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym">my-helper-function</span><span class="RktMeta"></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktMeta"></span><span class="RktSym">....</span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="RktMeta"></span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="RktMeta"></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="RktMeta"></span><span class="RktSym">....</span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="RktMeta"></span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="RktMeta"></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktMeta"></span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://docs.racket-lang.org/reference/define.html#(form._((lib._racket%2Fprivate%2Fbase..rkt)._define-syntax))" class="RktStxLink" pltdoc="x">define-syntax</a></span><span class="RktMeta"></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktMeta"></span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym">macro-using-my-helper-function</span><span class="RktMeta"></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktMeta"></span><span class="RktSym">stx</span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="RktMeta"></span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="RktMeta"></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="RktMeta"></span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym">my-helper-function</span><span class="RktMeta"></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktMeta"></span><span class="RktSym">....</span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="RktMeta"></span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="RktMeta"></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="RktMeta"></span><span class="RktSym">....</span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="RktMeta"></span></td></tr></table></blockquote><p>To review:</p><ul><li><p>Syntax transformers work at compile time, not run time. The good +news is this means we can do things like rearrange the pieces of +syntax without evaluating them. We can implement forms like +<span class="RktSym"><a href="http://docs.racket-lang.org/reference/if.html#(form._((quote._~23~25kernel)._if))" class="RktStxLink" pltdoc="x">if</a></span> that simply couldn&rsquo;t work properly as run time functions.</p></li><li><p>More good news is that there isn&rsquo;t some special, weird language for writing syntax transformers. We can write these transformer -functions using familiar Racket code.</p></li><li><p>The semi-bad news is that the familiarity can make it easy to forget +functions using the Racket language we already know and lovex.</p></li><li><p>The semi-bad news is that the familiarity can make it easy to forget that we&rsquo;re not working at run time. Sometimes that&rsquo;s important to remember.</p><ul><li><p>For example only <span class="RktSym">racket/base</span> is required for us automatically. If we need other modules, we have to require them, and -do so <span style="font-style: italic">for compile time</span> using -<span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://docs.racket-lang.org/reference/require.html#(form._((lib._racket%2Fprivate%2Fbase..rkt)._require))" class="RktStxLink" pltdoc="x">require</a></span><span class="stt"> </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://docs.racket-lang.org/reference/require.html#(form._((lib._racket%2Fprivate%2Fbase..rkt)._for-syntax))" class="RktStxLink" pltdoc="x">for-syntax</a></span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="RktPn">)</span>.</p></li><li><p>Similarly, if we define helper functions in the same file/module that -uses them, we need to nestle their definitions inside a -<span class="RktSym"><a href="http://docs.racket-lang.org/reference/begin.html#(form._((quote._~23~25kernel)._begin-for-syntax))" class="RktStxLink" pltdoc="x">begin-for-syntax</a></span> form. Doing so makes their definition -available at compile time.</p></li></ul></li></ul><h3>4<tt>&nbsp;</tt><a name="(part._.Pattern_matching__syntax-case_and_syntax-rules)"></a>Pattern matching: syntax-case and syntax-rules</h3><p>Most useful syntax transformers work by taking some input syntax, and +do so <span style="font-style: italic">for compile time</span> using <span class="RktSym"><a href="http://docs.racket-lang.org/reference/require.html#(form._((lib._racket%2Fprivate%2Fbase..rkt)._for-syntax))" class="RktStxLink" pltdoc="x">for-syntax</a></span>.</p></li><li><p>Similarly, if we want to define helper functions in the same +file/module as the macros that use them, we need to wrap the +definitions inside a <span class="RktSym"><a href="http://docs.racket-lang.org/reference/begin.html#(form._((quote._~23~25kernel)._begin-for-syntax))" class="RktStxLink" pltdoc="x">begin-for-syntax</a></span> form. Doing so makes +them available at compile time.</p></li></ul></li></ul><h3>4<tt>&nbsp;</tt><a name="(part._.Pattern_matching__syntax-case_and_syntax-rules)"></a>Pattern matching: syntax-case and syntax-rules</h3><p>Most useful syntax transformers work by taking some input syntax, and rearranging the pieces into something else. As we saw, this is possible but tedious using list accessors such as <span class="RktSym"><a href="http://docs.racket-lang.org/reference/pairs.html#(def._((quote._~23~25kernel)._cadddr))" class="RktValLink" pltdoc="x">cadddr</a></span>. It&rsquo;s more convenient and less error-prone to use @@ -145,10 +144,10 @@ possible but tedious using list accessors such as added to Racket later.</p></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote><p>It turns out that pattern-matching was one of the first improvements to be added to the Racket macro system. It&rsquo;s called <span class="RktSym"><a href="http://docs.racket-lang.org/reference/stx-patterns.html#(form._((lib._racket%2Fprivate%2Fstxcase-scheme..rkt)._syntax-case))" class="RktStxLink" pltdoc="x">syntax-case</a></span>, and has a shorthand for simple situations called -<span class="RktSym"><a href="http://docs.racket-lang.org/reference/stx-patterns.html#(form._((lib._racket%2Fprivate%2Fmisc..rkt)._define-syntax-rule))" class="RktStxLink" pltdoc="x">define-syntax-rule</a></span>.</p><p>Recall our previous example:</p><blockquote class="SCodeFlow"><table cellspacing="0" class="RktBlk"><tr><td><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://docs.racket-lang.org/reference/require.html#(form._((lib._racket%2Fprivate%2Fbase..rkt)._require))" class="RktStxLink" pltdoc="x">require</a></span><span class="RktMeta"></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktMeta"></span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://docs.racket-lang.org/reference/require.html#(form._((lib._racket%2Fprivate%2Fbase..rkt)._for-syntax))" class="RktStxLink" pltdoc="x">for-syntax</a></span><span class="RktMeta"></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktMeta"></span><span class="RktSym">racket/match</span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="RktMeta"></span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="RktMeta"></span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://docs.racket-lang.org/reference/define.html#(form._((lib._racket%2Fprivate%2Fbase..rkt)._define-syntax))" class="RktStxLink" pltdoc="x">define-syntax</a></span><span class="RktMeta"></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktMeta"></span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym">our-if-using-match-v2</span><span class="RktMeta"></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktMeta"></span><span class="RktSym">stx</span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="RktMeta"></span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="RktMeta"></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="RktMeta"></span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://docs.racket-lang.org/reference/match.html#(form._((lib._racket%2Fmatch..rkt)._match))" class="RktStxLink" pltdoc="x">match</a></span><span class="RktMeta"></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktMeta"></span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://docs.racket-lang.org/reference/stxops.html#(def._((quote._~23~25kernel)._syntax-~3elist))" class="RktValLink" pltdoc="x">syntax-&gt;list</a></span><span class="RktMeta"></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktMeta"></span><span class="RktSym">stx</span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="RktMeta"></span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="RktMeta"></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="RktMeta"></span><span class="RktPn">[</span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://docs.racket-lang.org/reference/pairs.html#(def._((quote._~23~25kernel)._list))" class="RktValLink" pltdoc="x">list</a></span><span class="RktMeta"></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktMeta"></span><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://docs.racket-lang.org/reference/stx-patterns.html#(form._((lib._racket%2Fprivate%2Fstxcase-scheme..rkt).__))" class="RktStxLink" pltdoc="x">_</a></span><span class="RktMeta"></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktMeta"></span><span class="RktSym">condition</span><span class="RktMeta"></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktMeta"></span><span class="RktSym">true-expr</span><span class="RktMeta"></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktMeta"></span><span class="RktSym">false-expr</span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="RktMeta"></span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="RktMeta"></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="RktMeta"></span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://docs.racket-lang.org/reference/stxops.html#(def._((quote._~23~25kernel)._datum-~3esyntax))" class="RktValLink" pltdoc="x">datum-&gt;syntax</a></span><span class="RktMeta"></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktMeta"></span><span class="RktSym">stx</span><span class="RktMeta"></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktMeta"></span><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://docs.racket-lang.org/reference/quasiquote.html#(form._((lib._racket%2Fprivate%2Fletstx-scheme..rkt)._quasiquote))" class="RktStxLink" pltdoc="x">`</a></span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://docs.racket-lang.org/reference/if.html#(form._((lib._racket%2Fprivate%2Fletstx-scheme..rkt)._cond))" class="RktStxLink" pltdoc="x">cond</a></span><span class="RktMeta"></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktMeta"></span><span class="RktPn">[</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://docs.racket-lang.org/reference/quasiquote.html#(form._((quote._~23~25kernel)._unquote))" class="RktStxLink" pltdoc="x">,</a></span><span class="RktSym">condition</span><span class="RktMeta"></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktMeta"></span><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://docs.racket-lang.org/reference/quasiquote.html#(form._((quote._~23~25kernel)._unquote))" class="RktStxLink" pltdoc="x">,</a></span><span class="RktSym">true-expr</span><span class="RktPn">]</span><span class="RktMeta"></span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="RktMeta"></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="RktMeta"></span><span class="RktPn">[</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://docs.racket-lang.org/reference/if.html#(form._((lib._racket%2Fprivate%2Fletstx-scheme..rkt)._else))" class="RktStxLink" pltdoc="x">else</a></span><span class="RktMeta"></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktMeta"></span><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://docs.racket-lang.org/reference/quasiquote.html#(form._((quote._~23~25kernel)._unquote))" class="RktStxLink" pltdoc="x">,</a></span><span class="RktSym">false-expr</span><span class="RktPn">]</span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="RktPn">]</span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="RktMeta"></span></td></tr></table></blockquote><p>Here&rsquo;s what it looks like using <span class="RktSym"><a href="http://docs.racket-lang.org/reference/stx-patterns.html#(form._((lib._racket%2Fprivate%2Fstxcase-scheme..rkt)._syntax-case))" class="RktStxLink" pltdoc="x">syntax-case</a></span>:</p><blockquote class="SCodeFlow"><table cellspacing="0" class="RktBlk"><tr><td><table cellspacing="0" class="RktBlk"><tr><td><span class="stt">&gt; </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://docs.racket-lang.org/reference/define.html#(form._((lib._racket%2Fprivate%2Fbase..rkt)._define-syntax))" class="RktStxLink" pltdoc="x">define-syntax</a></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym">our-if-using-syntax-case</span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktSym">stx</span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="RktPlain"><span class="hspace">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://docs.racket-lang.org/reference/stx-patterns.html#(form._((lib._racket%2Fprivate%2Fstxcase-scheme..rkt)._syntax-case))" class="RktStxLink" pltdoc="x">syntax-case</a></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktSym">stx</span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="RktPlain"><span class="hspace">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="RktPn">[</span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://docs.racket-lang.org/reference/stx-patterns.html#(form._((lib._racket%2Fprivate%2Fstxcase-scheme..rkt).__))" class="RktStxLink" pltdoc="x">_</a></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktSym">condition</span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktSym">true-expr</span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktSym">false-expr</span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="RktPlain"><span class="hspace">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="RktRdr">#'</span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://docs.racket-lang.org/reference/if.html#(form._((lib._racket%2Fprivate%2Fletstx-scheme..rkt)._cond))" class="RktStxLink" pltdoc="x">cond</a></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktPn">[</span><span class="RktSym">condition</span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktSym">true-expr</span><span class="RktPn">]</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="RktPlain"><span class="hspace">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="RktPn">[</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://docs.racket-lang.org/reference/if.html#(form._((lib._racket%2Fprivate%2Fletstx-scheme..rkt)._else))" class="RktStxLink" pltdoc="x">else</a></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktSym">false-expr</span><span class="RktPn">]</span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="RktPn">]</span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr></table></td></tr><tr><td><span class="stt">&gt; </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym">our-if-using-syntax-case</span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktVal">#t</span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktVal">"true"</span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktVal">"false"</span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr><tr><td><p><span class="RktRes">"true"</span></p></td></tr></table></blockquote><p>Pretty similar, huh? The pattern part looks almost exactly the -same. The "template" part&#8212;<wbr></wbr>where we specify the new syntax&#8212;<wbr></wbr>is -simpler. We don&rsquo;t need to do quasi-quoting and unquoting. We don&rsquo;t need -to use <span class="RktSym"><a href="http://docs.racket-lang.org/reference/stxops.html#(def._((quote._~23~25kernel)._datum-~3esyntax))" class="RktValLink" pltdoc="x">datum-&gt;syntax</a></span>. We simply supply a template, which uses +<span class="RktSym"><a href="http://docs.racket-lang.org/reference/stx-patterns.html#(form._((lib._racket%2Fprivate%2Fmisc..rkt)._define-syntax-rule))" class="RktStxLink" pltdoc="x">define-syntax-rule</a></span>.</p><p>Recall our previous example:</p><blockquote class="SCodeFlow"><table cellspacing="0" class="RktBlk"><tr><td><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://docs.racket-lang.org/reference/require.html#(form._((lib._racket%2Fprivate%2Fbase..rkt)._require))" class="RktStxLink" pltdoc="x">require</a></span><span class="RktMeta"></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktMeta"></span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://docs.racket-lang.org/reference/require.html#(form._((lib._racket%2Fprivate%2Fbase..rkt)._for-syntax))" class="RktStxLink" pltdoc="x">for-syntax</a></span><span class="RktMeta"></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktMeta"></span><span class="RktSym">racket/match</span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="RktMeta"></span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="RktMeta"></span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://docs.racket-lang.org/reference/define.html#(form._((lib._racket%2Fprivate%2Fbase..rkt)._define-syntax))" class="RktStxLink" pltdoc="x">define-syntax</a></span><span class="RktMeta"></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktMeta"></span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym">our-if-using-match-v2</span><span class="RktMeta"></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktMeta"></span><span class="RktSym">stx</span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="RktMeta"></span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="RktMeta"></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="RktMeta"></span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://docs.racket-lang.org/reference/match.html#(form._((lib._racket%2Fmatch..rkt)._match))" class="RktStxLink" pltdoc="x">match</a></span><span class="RktMeta"></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktMeta"></span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://docs.racket-lang.org/reference/stxops.html#(def._((quote._~23~25kernel)._syntax-~3elist))" class="RktValLink" pltdoc="x">syntax-&gt;list</a></span><span class="RktMeta"></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktMeta"></span><span class="RktSym">stx</span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="RktMeta"></span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="RktMeta"></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="RktMeta"></span><span class="RktPn">[</span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://docs.racket-lang.org/reference/pairs.html#(def._((quote._~23~25kernel)._list))" class="RktValLink" pltdoc="x">list</a></span><span class="RktMeta"></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktMeta"></span><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://docs.racket-lang.org/reference/stx-patterns.html#(form._((lib._racket%2Fprivate%2Fstxcase-scheme..rkt).__))" class="RktStxLink" pltdoc="x">_</a></span><span class="RktMeta"></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktMeta"></span><span class="RktSym">condition</span><span class="RktMeta"></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktMeta"></span><span class="RktSym">true-expr</span><span class="RktMeta"></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktMeta"></span><span class="RktSym">false-expr</span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="RktMeta"></span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="RktMeta"></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="RktMeta"></span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://docs.racket-lang.org/reference/stxops.html#(def._((quote._~23~25kernel)._datum-~3esyntax))" class="RktValLink" pltdoc="x">datum-&gt;syntax</a></span><span class="RktMeta"></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktMeta"></span><span class="RktSym">stx</span><span class="RktMeta"></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktMeta"></span><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://docs.racket-lang.org/reference/quasiquote.html#(form._((lib._racket%2Fprivate%2Fletstx-scheme..rkt)._quasiquote))" class="RktStxLink" pltdoc="x">`</a></span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://docs.racket-lang.org/reference/if.html#(form._((lib._racket%2Fprivate%2Fletstx-scheme..rkt)._cond))" class="RktStxLink" pltdoc="x">cond</a></span><span class="RktMeta"></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktMeta"></span><span class="RktPn">[</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://docs.racket-lang.org/reference/quasiquote.html#(form._((quote._~23~25kernel)._unquote))" class="RktStxLink" pltdoc="x">,</a></span><span class="RktSym">condition</span><span class="RktMeta"></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktMeta"></span><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://docs.racket-lang.org/reference/quasiquote.html#(form._((quote._~23~25kernel)._unquote))" class="RktStxLink" pltdoc="x">,</a></span><span class="RktSym">true-expr</span><span class="RktPn">]</span><span class="RktMeta"></span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="RktMeta"></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="RktMeta"></span><span class="RktPn">[</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://docs.racket-lang.org/reference/if.html#(form._((lib._racket%2Fprivate%2Fletstx-scheme..rkt)._else))" class="RktStxLink" pltdoc="x">else</a></span><span class="RktMeta"></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktMeta"></span><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://docs.racket-lang.org/reference/quasiquote.html#(form._((quote._~23~25kernel)._unquote))" class="RktStxLink" pltdoc="x">,</a></span><span class="RktSym">false-expr</span><span class="RktPn">]</span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="RktPn">]</span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="RktMeta"></span></td></tr></table></blockquote><p>Here&rsquo;s what it looks like using <span class="RktSym"><a href="http://docs.racket-lang.org/reference/stx-patterns.html#(form._((lib._racket%2Fprivate%2Fstxcase-scheme..rkt)._syntax-case))" class="RktStxLink" pltdoc="x">syntax-case</a></span>:</p><blockquote class="SCodeFlow"><table cellspacing="0" class="RktBlk"><tr><td><table cellspacing="0" class="RktBlk"><tr><td><span class="stt">&gt; </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://docs.racket-lang.org/reference/define.html#(form._((lib._racket%2Fprivate%2Fbase..rkt)._define-syntax))" class="RktStxLink" pltdoc="x">define-syntax</a></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym">our-if-using-syntax-case</span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktSym">stx</span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="RktPlain"><span class="hspace">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://docs.racket-lang.org/reference/stx-patterns.html#(form._((lib._racket%2Fprivate%2Fstxcase-scheme..rkt)._syntax-case))" class="RktStxLink" pltdoc="x">syntax-case</a></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktSym">stx</span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="RktPlain"><span class="hspace">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="RktPn">[</span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://docs.racket-lang.org/reference/stx-patterns.html#(form._((lib._racket%2Fprivate%2Fstxcase-scheme..rkt).__))" class="RktStxLink" pltdoc="x">_</a></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktSym">condition</span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktSym">true-expr</span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktSym">false-expr</span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="RktPlain"><span class="hspace">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="RktRdr">#'</span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://docs.racket-lang.org/reference/if.html#(form._((lib._racket%2Fprivate%2Fletstx-scheme..rkt)._cond))" class="RktStxLink" pltdoc="x">cond</a></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktPn">[</span><span class="RktSym">condition</span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktSym">true-expr</span><span class="RktPn">]</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="RktPlain"><span class="hspace">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="RktPn">[</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://docs.racket-lang.org/reference/if.html#(form._((lib._racket%2Fprivate%2Fletstx-scheme..rkt)._else))" class="RktStxLink" pltdoc="x">else</a></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktSym">false-expr</span><span class="RktPn">]</span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="RktPn">]</span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr></table></td></tr><tr><td><span class="stt">&gt; </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym">our-if-using-syntax-case</span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktVal">#t</span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktVal">"true"</span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktVal">"false"</span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr><tr><td><p><span class="RktRes">"true"</span></p></td></tr></table></blockquote><p>Pretty similar, huh? The pattern matching part looks almost exactly +the same. The way we specify the new syntax is simpler. We don&rsquo;t need +to do quasi-quoting and unquoting. We don&rsquo;t need to use +<span class="RktSym"><a href="http://docs.racket-lang.org/reference/stxops.html#(def._((quote._~23~25kernel)._datum-~3esyntax))" class="RktValLink" pltdoc="x">datum-&gt;syntax</a></span>. Instead, we supply a "template", which uses variables from the pattern.</p><p>There is a shorthand for simple pattern-matching cases, which expands into <span class="RktSym"><a href="http://docs.racket-lang.org/reference/stx-patterns.html#(form._((lib._racket%2Fprivate%2Fstxcase-scheme..rkt)._syntax-case))" class="RktStxLink" pltdoc="x">syntax-case</a></span>. It&rsquo;s called <span class="RktSym"><a href="http://docs.racket-lang.org/reference/stx-patterns.html#(form._((lib._racket%2Fprivate%2Fmisc..rkt)._define-syntax-rule))" class="RktStxLink" pltdoc="x">define-syntax-rule</a></span>:</p><blockquote class="SCodeFlow"><table cellspacing="0" class="RktBlk"><tr><td><table cellspacing="0" class="RktBlk"><tr><td><span class="stt">&gt; </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://docs.racket-lang.org/reference/stx-patterns.html#(form._((lib._racket%2Fprivate%2Fmisc..rkt)._define-syntax-rule))" class="RktStxLink" pltdoc="x">define-syntax-rule</a></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym">our-if-using-syntax-rule</span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktSym">condition</span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktSym">true-expr</span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktSym">false-expr</span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="RktPlain"><span class="hspace">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://docs.racket-lang.org/reference/if.html#(form._((lib._racket%2Fprivate%2Fletstx-scheme..rkt)._cond))" class="RktStxLink" pltdoc="x">cond</a></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktPn">[</span><span class="RktSym">condition</span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktSym">true-expr</span><span class="RktPn">]</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="RktPlain"><span class="hspace">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="RktPn">[</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://docs.racket-lang.org/reference/if.html#(form._((lib._racket%2Fprivate%2Fletstx-scheme..rkt)._else))" class="RktStxLink" pltdoc="x">else</a></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktSym">false-expr</span><span class="RktPn">]</span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr></table></td></tr><tr><td><span class="stt">&gt; </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym">our-if-using-syntax-rule</span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktVal">#t</span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktVal">"true"</span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktVal">"false"</span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr><tr><td><p><span class="RktRes">"true"</span></p></td></tr></table></blockquote><p>Here&rsquo;s the thing about <span class="RktSym"><a href="http://docs.racket-lang.org/reference/stx-patterns.html#(form._((lib._racket%2Fprivate%2Fmisc..rkt)._define-syntax-rule))" class="RktStxLink" pltdoc="x">define-syntax-rule</a></span>. Because it&rsquo;s so simple, <span class="RktSym"><a href="http://docs.racket-lang.org/reference/stx-patterns.html#(form._((lib._racket%2Fprivate%2Fmisc..rkt)._define-syntax-rule))" class="RktStxLink" pltdoc="x">define-syntax-rule</a></span> is often the first thing people are @@ -170,18 +169,19 @@ automatically defines a number of functions whose names are variations on the name <span class="RktSym">foo</span>&#8212;<wbr></wbr>such as <span class="RktSym">foo-field1</span>, <span class="RktSym">foo-field2</span>, <span class="RktSym">foo?</span>, and so on.</p><p>So let&rsquo;s pretend we&rsquo;re doing something like that. We want to transform the syntax <span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym">hyphen-define</span><span class="stt"> </span><span class="RktSym">a</span><span class="stt"> </span><span class="RktSym">b</span><span class="stt"> </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym">args</span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="stt"> </span><span class="RktSym">body</span><span class="RktPn">)</span> to the syntax -<span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://docs.racket-lang.org/reference/define.html#(form._((lib._racket%2Fprivate%2Fbase..rkt)._define))" class="RktStxLink" pltdoc="x">define</a></span><span class="stt"> </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym">a-b</span><span class="stt"> </span><span class="RktSym">args</span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="stt"> </span><span class="RktSym">body</span><span class="RktPn">)</span>.</p><p>A wrong first attempt is:</p><blockquote class="SCodeFlow"><table cellspacing="0" class="RktBlk"><tr><td><table cellspacing="0" class="RktBlk"><tr><td><span class="stt">&gt; </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://docs.racket-lang.org/reference/define.html#(form._((lib._racket%2Fprivate%2Fbase..rkt)._define-syntax))" class="RktStxLink" pltdoc="x">define-syntax</a></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym">hyphen-define/wrong1</span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktSym">stx</span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="RktPlain"><span class="hspace">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://docs.racket-lang.org/reference/stx-patterns.html#(form._((lib._racket%2Fprivate%2Fstxcase-scheme..rkt)._syntax-case))" class="RktStxLink" pltdoc="x">syntax-case</a></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktSym">stx</span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="RktPlain"><span class="hspace">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="RktPn">[</span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://docs.racket-lang.org/reference/stx-patterns.html#(form._((lib._racket%2Fprivate%2Fstxcase-scheme..rkt).__))" class="RktStxLink" pltdoc="x">_</a></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktSym">a</span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktSym">b</span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym">args</span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://docs.racket-lang.org/reference/stx-patterns.html#(form._((lib._racket%2Fprivate%2Fstxcase-scheme..rkt)._......))" class="RktStxLink" pltdoc="x">...</a></span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktSym">body0</span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktSym">body</span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://docs.racket-lang.org/reference/stx-patterns.html#(form._((lib._racket%2Fprivate%2Fstxcase-scheme..rkt)._......))" class="RktStxLink" pltdoc="x">...</a></span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="RktPlain"><span class="hspace">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://docs.racket-lang.org/reference/let.html#(form._((lib._racket%2Fprivate%2Fletstx-scheme..rkt)._let))" class="RktStxLink" pltdoc="x">let</a></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktPn">[</span><span class="RktSym">name</span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://docs.racket-lang.org/reference/symbols.html#(def._((quote._~23~25kernel)._string-~3esymbol))" class="RktValLink" pltdoc="x">string-&gt;symbol</a></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://docs.racket-lang.org/reference/Writing.html#(def._((quote._~23~25kernel)._format))" class="RktValLink" pltdoc="x">format</a></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktVal">"~a-~a"</span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktSym">a</span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktSym">b</span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="RktPn">]</span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="RktPlain"><span class="hspace">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="RktRdr">#'</span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://docs.racket-lang.org/reference/define.html#(form._((lib._racket%2Fprivate%2Fbase..rkt)._define))" class="RktStxLink" pltdoc="x">define</a></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym">name</span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktSym">args</span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://docs.racket-lang.org/reference/stx-patterns.html#(form._((lib._racket%2Fprivate%2Fstxcase-scheme..rkt)._......))" class="RktStxLink" pltdoc="x">...</a></span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="RktPlain"><span class="hspace">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="RktSym">body0</span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktSym">body</span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://docs.racket-lang.org/reference/stx-patterns.html#(form._((lib._racket%2Fprivate%2Fstxcase-scheme..rkt)._......))" class="RktStxLink" pltdoc="x">...</a></span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="RktPn">]</span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr></table></td></tr><tr><td><p><span class="RktErr">eval:46:0: a: pattern variable cannot be used outside of a</span></p></td></tr><tr><td><p><span class="RktErr">template</span></p></td></tr><tr><td><p><span class="RktErr"></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="RktErr">in: a</span></p></td></tr></table></blockquote><p>Huh. We have no idea what this error message means. Well, let&rsquo;s see. -The "template" is the <span class="RktRdr">#'</span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://docs.racket-lang.org/reference/define.html#(form._((lib._racket%2Fprivate%2Fbase..rkt)._define))" class="RktStxLink" pltdoc="x">define</a></span><span class="stt"> </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym">name</span><span class="stt"> </span><span class="RktSym">args</span><span class="stt"> </span><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://docs.racket-lang.org/reference/stx-patterns.html#(form._((lib._racket%2Fprivate%2Fstxcase-scheme..rkt)._......))" class="RktStxLink" pltdoc="x">...</a></span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="stt"> </span><span class="RktSym">body0</span><span class="stt"> </span><span class="RktSym">body</span><span class="stt"> </span><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://docs.racket-lang.org/reference/stx-patterns.html#(form._((lib._racket%2Fprivate%2Fstxcase-scheme..rkt)._......))" class="RktStxLink" pltdoc="x">...</a></span><span class="RktPn">)</span> portion. The <span class="RktSym"><a href="http://docs.racket-lang.org/reference/let.html#(form._((lib._racket%2Fprivate%2Fletstx-scheme..rkt)._let))" class="RktStxLink" pltdoc="x">let</a></span> isn&rsquo;t part of that template. It -sounds like we can&rsquo;t use <span class="RktSym">a</span> (or <span class="RktSym">b</span>) in the -<span class="RktSym"><a href="http://docs.racket-lang.org/reference/let.html#(form._((lib._racket%2Fprivate%2Fletstx-scheme..rkt)._let))" class="RktStxLink" pltdoc="x">let</a></span> part.</p><p>Well, <span class="RktSym"><a href="http://docs.racket-lang.org/reference/stx-patterns.html#(form._((lib._racket%2Fprivate%2Fstxcase-scheme..rkt)._syntax-case))" class="RktStxLink" pltdoc="x">syntax-case</a></span> can have as many templates as you want. The -final expression is the obvious template, used to create the output -syntax. But you can use <span class="RktSym"><a href="http://docs.racket-lang.org/reference/stx-patterns.html#(form._((lib._racket%2Fprivate%2Fstxcase-scheme..rkt)._syntax))" class="RktStxLink" pltdoc="x">syntax</a></span> (a.k.a. #&rsquo;) on a pattern -variable. This makes another template, albeit a small, "fun size" -template. Let&rsquo;s try that:</p><blockquote class="SCodeFlow"><table cellspacing="0" class="RktBlk"><tr><td><table cellspacing="0" class="RktBlk"><tr><td><span class="stt">&gt; </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://docs.racket-lang.org/reference/define.html#(form._((lib._racket%2Fprivate%2Fbase..rkt)._define-syntax))" class="RktStxLink" pltdoc="x">define-syntax</a></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym">hyphen-define/wrong1.1</span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktSym">stx</span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="RktPlain"><span class="hspace">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://docs.racket-lang.org/reference/stx-patterns.html#(form._((lib._racket%2Fprivate%2Fstxcase-scheme..rkt)._syntax-case))" class="RktStxLink" pltdoc="x">syntax-case</a></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktSym">stx</span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="RktPlain"><span class="hspace">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="RktPn">[</span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://docs.racket-lang.org/reference/stx-patterns.html#(form._((lib._racket%2Fprivate%2Fstxcase-scheme..rkt).__))" class="RktStxLink" pltdoc="x">_</a></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktSym">a</span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktSym">b</span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym">args</span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://docs.racket-lang.org/reference/stx-patterns.html#(form._((lib._racket%2Fprivate%2Fstxcase-scheme..rkt)._......))" class="RktStxLink" pltdoc="x">...</a></span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktSym">body0</span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktSym">body</span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://docs.racket-lang.org/reference/stx-patterns.html#(form._((lib._racket%2Fprivate%2Fstxcase-scheme..rkt)._......))" class="RktStxLink" pltdoc="x">...</a></span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="RktPlain"><span class="hspace">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://docs.racket-lang.org/reference/let.html#(form._((lib._racket%2Fprivate%2Fletstx-scheme..rkt)._let))" class="RktStxLink" pltdoc="x">let</a></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktPn">[</span><span class="RktSym">name</span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://docs.racket-lang.org/reference/symbols.html#(def._((quote._~23~25kernel)._string-~3esymbol))" class="RktValLink" pltdoc="x">string-&gt;symbol</a></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://docs.racket-lang.org/reference/Writing.html#(def._((quote._~23~25kernel)._format))" class="RktValLink" pltdoc="x">format</a></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktVal">"~a-~a"</span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktRdr">#'</span><span class="RktSym">a</span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktRdr">#'</span><span class="RktSym">b</span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="RktPn">]</span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="RktPlain"><span class="hspace">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="RktRdr">#'</span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://docs.racket-lang.org/reference/define.html#(form._((lib._racket%2Fprivate%2Fbase..rkt)._define))" class="RktStxLink" pltdoc="x">define</a></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym">name</span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktSym">args</span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://docs.racket-lang.org/reference/stx-patterns.html#(form._((lib._racket%2Fprivate%2Fstxcase-scheme..rkt)._......))" class="RktStxLink" pltdoc="x">...</a></span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="RktPlain"><span class="hspace">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="RktSym">body0</span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktSym">body</span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://docs.racket-lang.org/reference/stx-patterns.html#(form._((lib._racket%2Fprivate%2Fstxcase-scheme..rkt)._......))" class="RktStxLink" pltdoc="x">...</a></span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="RktPn">]</span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr></table></td></tr><tr><td><span class="stt">&gt; </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym">hyphen-define/wrong1.1</span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktSym">foo</span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktSym">bar</span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktVal">#t</span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="stt">&gt; </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym">foo-bar</span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr><tr><td><p><span class="RktErr">foo-bar: undefined;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td><p><span class="RktErr"></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktErr">cannot reference an identifier before its definition</span></p></td></tr><tr><td><p><span class="RktErr"></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="RktErr">in module: 'program</span></p></td></tr></table></blockquote><p>Our macro definition didn&rsquo;t give an error, so that&rsquo;s good progress! +<span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://docs.racket-lang.org/reference/define.html#(form._((lib._racket%2Fprivate%2Fbase..rkt)._define))" class="RktStxLink" pltdoc="x">define</a></span><span class="stt"> </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym">a-b</span><span class="stt"> </span><span class="RktSym">args</span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="stt"> </span><span class="RktSym">body</span><span class="RktPn">)</span>.</p><p>A wrong first attempt is:</p><blockquote class="SCodeFlow"><table cellspacing="0" class="RktBlk"><tr><td><table cellspacing="0" class="RktBlk"><tr><td><span class="stt">&gt; </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://docs.racket-lang.org/reference/define.html#(form._((lib._racket%2Fprivate%2Fbase..rkt)._define-syntax))" class="RktStxLink" pltdoc="x">define-syntax</a></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym">hyphen-define/wrong1</span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktSym">stx</span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="RktPlain"><span class="hspace">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://docs.racket-lang.org/reference/stx-patterns.html#(form._((lib._racket%2Fprivate%2Fstxcase-scheme..rkt)._syntax-case))" class="RktStxLink" pltdoc="x">syntax-case</a></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktSym">stx</span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="RktPlain"><span class="hspace">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="RktPn">[</span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://docs.racket-lang.org/reference/stx-patterns.html#(form._((lib._racket%2Fprivate%2Fstxcase-scheme..rkt).__))" class="RktStxLink" pltdoc="x">_</a></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktSym">a</span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktSym">b</span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym">args</span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://docs.racket-lang.org/reference/stx-patterns.html#(form._((lib._racket%2Fprivate%2Fstxcase-scheme..rkt)._......))" class="RktStxLink" pltdoc="x">...</a></span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktSym">body0</span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktSym">body</span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://docs.racket-lang.org/reference/stx-patterns.html#(form._((lib._racket%2Fprivate%2Fstxcase-scheme..rkt)._......))" class="RktStxLink" pltdoc="x">...</a></span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="RktPlain"><span class="hspace">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://docs.racket-lang.org/reference/let.html#(form._((lib._racket%2Fprivate%2Fletstx-scheme..rkt)._let))" class="RktStxLink" pltdoc="x">let</a></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktPn">[</span><span class="RktSym">name</span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://docs.racket-lang.org/reference/symbols.html#(def._((quote._~23~25kernel)._string-~3esymbol))" class="RktValLink" pltdoc="x">string-&gt;symbol</a></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://docs.racket-lang.org/reference/Writing.html#(def._((quote._~23~25kernel)._format))" class="RktValLink" pltdoc="x">format</a></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktVal">"~a-~a"</span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktSym">a</span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktSym">b</span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="RktPn">]</span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="RktPlain"><span class="hspace">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="RktRdr">#'</span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://docs.racket-lang.org/reference/define.html#(form._((lib._racket%2Fprivate%2Fbase..rkt)._define))" class="RktStxLink" pltdoc="x">define</a></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym">name</span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktSym">args</span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://docs.racket-lang.org/reference/stx-patterns.html#(form._((lib._racket%2Fprivate%2Fstxcase-scheme..rkt)._......))" class="RktStxLink" pltdoc="x">...</a></span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="RktPlain"><span class="hspace">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="RktSym">body0</span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktSym">body</span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://docs.racket-lang.org/reference/stx-patterns.html#(form._((lib._racket%2Fprivate%2Fstxcase-scheme..rkt)._......))" class="RktStxLink" pltdoc="x">...</a></span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="RktPn">]</span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr></table></td></tr><tr><td><p><span class="RktErr">eval:46:0: a: pattern variable cannot be used outside of a</span></p></td></tr><tr><td><p><span class="RktErr">template</span></p></td></tr><tr><td><p><span class="RktErr"></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="RktErr">in: a</span></p></td></tr></table></blockquote><p>Huh. We have no idea what this error message means. Well, let&rsquo;s try to +work it out. The "template" the error message refers to is the +<span class="RktRdr">#'</span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://docs.racket-lang.org/reference/define.html#(form._((lib._racket%2Fprivate%2Fbase..rkt)._define))" class="RktStxLink" pltdoc="x">define</a></span><span class="stt"> </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym">name</span><span class="stt"> </span><span class="RktSym">args</span><span class="stt"> </span><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://docs.racket-lang.org/reference/stx-patterns.html#(form._((lib._racket%2Fprivate%2Fstxcase-scheme..rkt)._......))" class="RktStxLink" pltdoc="x">...</a></span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="stt"> </span><span class="RktSym">body0</span><span class="stt"> </span><span class="RktSym">body</span><span class="stt"> </span><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://docs.racket-lang.org/reference/stx-patterns.html#(form._((lib._racket%2Fprivate%2Fstxcase-scheme..rkt)._......))" class="RktStxLink" pltdoc="x">...</a></span><span class="RktPn">)</span> portion. The +<span class="RktSym"><a href="http://docs.racket-lang.org/reference/let.html#(form._((lib._racket%2Fprivate%2Fletstx-scheme..rkt)._let))" class="RktStxLink" pltdoc="x">let</a></span> isn&rsquo;t part of that template. It sounds like we can&rsquo;t use +<span class="RktSym">a</span> (or <span class="RktSym">b</span>) in the <span class="RktSym"><a href="http://docs.racket-lang.org/reference/let.html#(form._((lib._racket%2Fprivate%2Fletstx-scheme..rkt)._let))" class="RktStxLink" pltdoc="x">let</a></span> part.</p><p>In fact, <span class="RktSym"><a href="http://docs.racket-lang.org/reference/stx-patterns.html#(form._((lib._racket%2Fprivate%2Fstxcase-scheme..rkt)._syntax-case))" class="RktStxLink" pltdoc="x">syntax-case</a></span> can have as many templates as you +want. The obvious, required template is the final expression supplying +the output syntax. But you can use <span class="RktSym"><a href="http://docs.racket-lang.org/reference/stx-patterns.html#(form._((lib._racket%2Fprivate%2Fstxcase-scheme..rkt)._syntax))" class="RktStxLink" pltdoc="x">syntax</a></span> (a.k.a. #&rsquo;) on a +pattern variable. This makes another template, albeit a small, "fun +size" template. Let&rsquo;s try that:</p><blockquote class="SCodeFlow"><table cellspacing="0" class="RktBlk"><tr><td><table cellspacing="0" class="RktBlk"><tr><td><span class="stt">&gt; </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://docs.racket-lang.org/reference/define.html#(form._((lib._racket%2Fprivate%2Fbase..rkt)._define-syntax))" class="RktStxLink" pltdoc="x">define-syntax</a></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym">hyphen-define/wrong1.1</span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktSym">stx</span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="RktPlain"><span class="hspace">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://docs.racket-lang.org/reference/stx-patterns.html#(form._((lib._racket%2Fprivate%2Fstxcase-scheme..rkt)._syntax-case))" class="RktStxLink" pltdoc="x">syntax-case</a></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktSym">stx</span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="RktPlain"><span class="hspace">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="RktPn">[</span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://docs.racket-lang.org/reference/stx-patterns.html#(form._((lib._racket%2Fprivate%2Fstxcase-scheme..rkt).__))" class="RktStxLink" pltdoc="x">_</a></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktSym">a</span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktSym">b</span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym">args</span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://docs.racket-lang.org/reference/stx-patterns.html#(form._((lib._racket%2Fprivate%2Fstxcase-scheme..rkt)._......))" class="RktStxLink" pltdoc="x">...</a></span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktSym">body0</span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktSym">body</span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://docs.racket-lang.org/reference/stx-patterns.html#(form._((lib._racket%2Fprivate%2Fstxcase-scheme..rkt)._......))" class="RktStxLink" pltdoc="x">...</a></span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="RktPlain"><span class="hspace">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://docs.racket-lang.org/reference/let.html#(form._((lib._racket%2Fprivate%2Fletstx-scheme..rkt)._let))" class="RktStxLink" pltdoc="x">let</a></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktPn">[</span><span class="RktSym">name</span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://docs.racket-lang.org/reference/symbols.html#(def._((quote._~23~25kernel)._string-~3esymbol))" class="RktValLink" pltdoc="x">string-&gt;symbol</a></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://docs.racket-lang.org/reference/Writing.html#(def._((quote._~23~25kernel)._format))" class="RktValLink" pltdoc="x">format</a></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktVal">"~a-~a"</span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktRdr">#'</span><span class="RktSym">a</span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktRdr">#'</span><span class="RktSym">b</span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="RktPn">]</span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="RktPlain"><span class="hspace">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="RktRdr">#'</span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://docs.racket-lang.org/reference/define.html#(form._((lib._racket%2Fprivate%2Fbase..rkt)._define))" class="RktStxLink" pltdoc="x">define</a></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym">name</span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktSym">args</span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://docs.racket-lang.org/reference/stx-patterns.html#(form._((lib._racket%2Fprivate%2Fstxcase-scheme..rkt)._......))" class="RktStxLink" pltdoc="x">...</a></span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="RktPlain"><span class="hspace">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="RktSym">body0</span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktSym">body</span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://docs.racket-lang.org/reference/stx-patterns.html#(form._((lib._racket%2Fprivate%2Fstxcase-scheme..rkt)._......))" class="RktStxLink" pltdoc="x">...</a></span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="RktPn">]</span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr></table></td></tr><tr><td><span class="stt">&gt; </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym">hyphen-define/wrong1.1</span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktSym">foo</span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktSym">bar</span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktVal">#t</span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="stt">&gt; </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym">foo-bar</span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr><tr><td><p><span class="RktErr">foo-bar: undefined;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td><p><span class="RktErr"></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktErr">cannot reference an identifier before its definition</span></p></td></tr><tr><td><p><span class="RktErr"></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="RktErr">in module: 'program</span></p></td></tr></table></blockquote><p>Our macro definition didn&rsquo;t give an error, so that&rsquo;s good progress! But when we tried to use it, no luck. It seems that a function named <span class="RktSym">foo-bar</span> wasn&rsquo;t defined.</p><p>This is where the Macro Stepper in DrRacket is invaluable. Even if you -prefer to work in Emacs (like I do), this is a situation where it&rsquo;s -worth using DrRacket temporarily for its Macro Stepper.</p><p><img src="macro-stepper.png" alt="" width="598" height="564" /></p><p>The Macro Stepper says that the use of our macro:</p><blockquote class="SCodeFlow"><table cellspacing="0" class="RktBlk"><tr><td><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym">hyphen-define/wrong1.1</span><span class="RktMeta"></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktMeta"></span><span class="RktSym">foo</span><span class="RktMeta"></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktMeta"></span><span class="RktSym">bar</span><span class="RktMeta"></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktMeta"></span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="RktMeta"></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktMeta"></span><span class="RktVal">#t</span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="RktMeta"></span></td></tr></table></blockquote><p>expanded to:</p><blockquote class="SCodeFlow"><table cellspacing="0" class="RktBlk"><tr><td><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://docs.racket-lang.org/reference/define.html#(form._((lib._racket%2Fprivate%2Fbase..rkt)._define))" class="RktStxLink" pltdoc="x">define</a></span><span class="RktMeta"></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktMeta"></span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym">name</span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="RktMeta"></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktMeta"></span><span class="RktVal">#t</span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="RktMeta"></span></td></tr></table></blockquote><p>Well that explains it. Instead, we wanted to expand to:</p><blockquote class="SCodeFlow"><table cellspacing="0" class="RktBlk"><tr><td><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://docs.racket-lang.org/reference/define.html#(form._((lib._racket%2Fprivate%2Fbase..rkt)._define))" class="RktStxLink" pltdoc="x">define</a></span><span class="RktMeta"></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktMeta"></span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym">foo-bar</span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="RktMeta"></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktMeta"></span><span class="RktVal">#t</span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="RktMeta"></span></td></tr></table></blockquote><p>Our template is using the symbol <span class="RktSym">name</span> but we wanted its +prefer to work mostly in Emacs (like I do), this is a situation where +it&rsquo;s worth using DrRacket temporarily for its Macro Stepper.</p><p><img src="macro-stepper.png" alt="" width="598" height="564" /></p><p>The Macro Stepper says that the use of our macro:</p><blockquote class="SCodeFlow"><table cellspacing="0" class="RktBlk"><tr><td><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym">hyphen-define/wrong1.1</span><span class="RktMeta"></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktMeta"></span><span class="RktSym">foo</span><span class="RktMeta"></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktMeta"></span><span class="RktSym">bar</span><span class="RktMeta"></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktMeta"></span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="RktMeta"></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktMeta"></span><span class="RktVal">#t</span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="RktMeta"></span></td></tr></table></blockquote><p>expanded to:</p><blockquote class="SCodeFlow"><table cellspacing="0" class="RktBlk"><tr><td><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://docs.racket-lang.org/reference/define.html#(form._((lib._racket%2Fprivate%2Fbase..rkt)._define))" class="RktStxLink" pltdoc="x">define</a></span><span class="RktMeta"></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktMeta"></span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym">name</span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="RktMeta"></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktMeta"></span><span class="RktVal">#t</span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="RktMeta"></span></td></tr></table></blockquote><p>Well that explains it. Instead, we wanted to expand to:</p><blockquote class="SCodeFlow"><table cellspacing="0" class="RktBlk"><tr><td><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://docs.racket-lang.org/reference/define.html#(form._((lib._racket%2Fprivate%2Fbase..rkt)._define))" class="RktStxLink" pltdoc="x">define</a></span><span class="RktMeta"></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktMeta"></span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym">foo-bar</span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="RktMeta"></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktMeta"></span><span class="RktVal">#t</span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="RktMeta"></span></td></tr></table></blockquote><p>Our template is using the symbol <span class="RktSym">name</span> but we wanted its value, such as <span class="RktSym">foo-bar</span> in this use of our macro.</p><p>A solution here is <span class="RktSym"><a href="http://docs.racket-lang.org/reference/stx-patterns.html#(form._((lib._racket%2Fprivate%2Fstxcase-scheme..rkt)._with-syntax))" class="RktStxLink" pltdoc="x">with-syntax</a></span>, which lets us say that <span class="RktSym">name</span> is something whose value can be used in our output template:</p><blockquote class="SCodeFlow"><table cellspacing="0" class="RktBlk"><tr><td><table cellspacing="0" class="RktBlk"><tr><td><span class="stt">&gt; </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://docs.racket-lang.org/reference/define.html#(form._((lib._racket%2Fprivate%2Fbase..rkt)._define-syntax))" class="RktStxLink" pltdoc="x">define-syntax</a></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym">hyphen-define/wrong1.3</span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktSym">stx</span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="RktPlain"><span class="hspace">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://docs.racket-lang.org/reference/stx-patterns.html#(form._((lib._racket%2Fprivate%2Fstxcase-scheme..rkt)._syntax-case))" class="RktStxLink" pltdoc="x">syntax-case</a></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktSym">stx</span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="RktPlain"><span class="hspace">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="RktPn">[</span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://docs.racket-lang.org/reference/stx-patterns.html#(form._((lib._racket%2Fprivate%2Fstxcase-scheme..rkt).__))" class="RktStxLink" pltdoc="x">_</a></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktSym">a</span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktSym">b</span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym">args</span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://docs.racket-lang.org/reference/stx-patterns.html#(form._((lib._racket%2Fprivate%2Fstxcase-scheme..rkt)._......))" class="RktStxLink" pltdoc="x">...</a></span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktSym">body0</span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktSym">body</span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://docs.racket-lang.org/reference/stx-patterns.html#(form._((lib._racket%2Fprivate%2Fstxcase-scheme..rkt)._......))" class="RktStxLink" pltdoc="x">...</a></span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="RktPlain"><span class="hspace">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://docs.racket-lang.org/reference/stx-patterns.html#(form._((lib._racket%2Fprivate%2Fstxcase-scheme..rkt)._with-syntax))" class="RktStxLink" pltdoc="x">with-syntax</a></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktPn">[</span><span class="RktSym">name</span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://docs.racket-lang.org/reference/stxops.html#(def._((quote._~23~25kernel)._datum-~3esyntax))" class="RktValLink" pltdoc="x">datum-&gt;syntax</a></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktSym">stx</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="RktPlain"><span class="hspace">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://docs.racket-lang.org/reference/symbols.html#(def._((quote._~23~25kernel)._string-~3esymbol))" class="RktValLink" pltdoc="x">string-&gt;symbol</a></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://docs.racket-lang.org/reference/Writing.html#(def._((quote._~23~25kernel)._format))" class="RktValLink" pltdoc="x">format</a></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktVal">"~a-~a"</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="RktPlain"><span class="hspace">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="RktRdr">#'</span><span class="RktSym">a</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="RktPlain"><span class="hspace">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="RktRdr">#'</span><span class="RktSym">b</span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="RktPn">]</span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="RktPlain"><span class="hspace">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="RktRdr">#'</span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://docs.racket-lang.org/reference/define.html#(form._((lib._racket%2Fprivate%2Fbase..rkt)._define))" class="RktStxLink" pltdoc="x">define</a></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym">name</span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktSym">args</span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://docs.racket-lang.org/reference/stx-patterns.html#(form._((lib._racket%2Fprivate%2Fstxcase-scheme..rkt)._......))" class="RktStxLink" pltdoc="x">...</a></span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="RktPlain"><span class="hspace">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="RktSym">body0</span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktSym">body</span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://docs.racket-lang.org/reference/stx-patterns.html#(form._((lib._racket%2Fprivate%2Fstxcase-scheme..rkt)._......))" class="RktStxLink" pltdoc="x">...</a></span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="RktPn">]</span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr></table></td></tr><tr><td><span class="stt">&gt; </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym">hyphen-define/wrong1.3</span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktSym">foo</span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktSym">bar</span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktVal">#t</span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="stt">&gt; </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym">foo-bar</span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr><tr><td><p><span class="RktErr">foo-bar: undefined;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td><p><span class="RktErr"></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktErr">cannot reference an identifier before its definition</span></p></td></tr><tr><td><p><span class="RktErr"></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="RktErr">in module: 'program</span></p></td></tr></table></blockquote><p>Hmm. <span class="RktSym">foo-bar</span> is <span style="font-style: italic">still</span> not defined. Back to the Macro @@ -190,14 +190,13 @@ Stepper. It says now we&rsquo;re expanding to:</p><blockquote class="SCodeFlow"> inside the syntax object, the symbol <span class="RktSym">foo</span> and <span class="RktSym">bar</span>. To get that, we use <span class="RktSym"><a href="http://docs.racket-lang.org/reference/stxops.html#(def._((quote._~23~25kernel)._syntax-~3edatum))" class="RktValLink" pltdoc="x">syntax-&gt;datum</a></span>:</p><blockquote class="SCodeFlow"><table cellspacing="0" class="RktBlk"><tr><td><table cellspacing="0" class="RktBlk"><tr><td><span class="stt">&gt; </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://docs.racket-lang.org/reference/define.html#(form._((lib._racket%2Fprivate%2Fbase..rkt)._define-syntax))" class="RktStxLink" pltdoc="x">define-syntax</a></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym">hyphen-define/ok1</span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktSym">stx</span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="RktPlain"><span class="hspace">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://docs.racket-lang.org/reference/stx-patterns.html#(form._((lib._racket%2Fprivate%2Fstxcase-scheme..rkt)._syntax-case))" class="RktStxLink" pltdoc="x">syntax-case</a></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktSym">stx</span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="RktPlain"><span class="hspace">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="RktPn">[</span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://docs.racket-lang.org/reference/stx-patterns.html#(form._((lib._racket%2Fprivate%2Fstxcase-scheme..rkt).__))" class="RktStxLink" pltdoc="x">_</a></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktSym">a</span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktSym">b</span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym">args</span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://docs.racket-lang.org/reference/stx-patterns.html#(form._((lib._racket%2Fprivate%2Fstxcase-scheme..rkt)._......))" class="RktStxLink" pltdoc="x">...</a></span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktSym">body0</span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktSym">body</span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://docs.racket-lang.org/reference/stx-patterns.html#(form._((lib._racket%2Fprivate%2Fstxcase-scheme..rkt)._......))" class="RktStxLink" pltdoc="x">...</a></span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="RktPlain"><span class="hspace">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://docs.racket-lang.org/reference/stx-patterns.html#(form._((lib._racket%2Fprivate%2Fstxcase-scheme..rkt)._with-syntax))" class="RktStxLink" pltdoc="x">with-syntax</a></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktPn">[</span><span class="RktSym">name</span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://docs.racket-lang.org/reference/stxops.html#(def._((quote._~23~25kernel)._datum-~3esyntax))" class="RktValLink" pltdoc="x">datum-&gt;syntax</a></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktSym">stx</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="RktPlain"><span class="hspace">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://docs.racket-lang.org/reference/symbols.html#(def._((quote._~23~25kernel)._string-~3esymbol))" class="RktValLink" pltdoc="x">string-&gt;symbol</a></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://docs.racket-lang.org/reference/Writing.html#(def._((quote._~23~25kernel)._format))" class="RktValLink" pltdoc="x">format</a></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktVal">"~a-~a"</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="RktPlain"><span class="hspace">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://docs.racket-lang.org/reference/stxops.html#(def._((quote._~23~25kernel)._syntax-~3edatum))" class="RktValLink" pltdoc="x">syntax-&gt;datum</a></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktRdr">#'</span><span class="RktSym">a</span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="RktPlain"><span class="hspace">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://docs.racket-lang.org/reference/stxops.html#(def._((quote._~23~25kernel)._syntax-~3edatum))" class="RktValLink" pltdoc="x">syntax-&gt;datum</a></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktRdr">#'</span><span class="RktSym">b</span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="RktPn">]</span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="RktPlain"><span class="hspace">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="RktRdr">#'</span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://docs.racket-lang.org/reference/define.html#(form._((lib._racket%2Fprivate%2Fbase..rkt)._define))" class="RktStxLink" pltdoc="x">define</a></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym">name</span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktSym">args</span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://docs.racket-lang.org/reference/stx-patterns.html#(form._((lib._racket%2Fprivate%2Fstxcase-scheme..rkt)._......))" class="RktStxLink" pltdoc="x">...</a></span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="RktPlain"><span class="hspace">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="RktSym">body0</span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktSym">body</span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://docs.racket-lang.org/reference/stx-patterns.html#(form._((lib._racket%2Fprivate%2Fstxcase-scheme..rkt)._......))" class="RktStxLink" pltdoc="x">...</a></span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="RktPn">]</span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr></table></td></tr><tr><td><span class="stt">&gt; </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym">hyphen-define/ok1</span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktSym">foo</span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktSym">bar</span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktVal">#t</span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="stt">&gt; </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym">foo-bar</span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr><tr><td><p><span class="RktRes">#t</span></p></td></tr></table></blockquote><p>And now it works!</p><p>By the way, there is a utility function in <span class="RktSym">racket/syntax</span> called <span class="RktSym">format-id</span> that lets us format identifier names more -succinctly. We remember to use <span class="RktSym"><a href="http://docs.racket-lang.org/reference/require.html#(form._((lib._racket%2Fprivate%2Fbase..rkt)._for-syntax))" class="RktStxLink" pltdoc="x">for-syntax</a></span> with -<span class="RktSym"><a href="http://docs.racket-lang.org/reference/require.html#(form._((lib._racket%2Fprivate%2Fbase..rkt)._require))" class="RktStxLink" pltdoc="x">require</a></span>, since we need it at compile time:</p><blockquote class="SCodeFlow"><table cellspacing="0" class="RktBlk"><tr><td><span class="stt">&gt; </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://docs.racket-lang.org/reference/require.html#(form._((lib._racket%2Fprivate%2Fbase..rkt)._require))" class="RktStxLink" pltdoc="x">require</a></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://docs.racket-lang.org/reference/require.html#(form._((lib._racket%2Fprivate%2Fbase..rkt)._for-syntax))" class="RktStxLink" pltdoc="x">for-syntax</a></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktSym">racket/syntax</span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr><tr><td><table cellspacing="0" class="RktBlk"><tr><td><span class="stt">&gt; </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://docs.racket-lang.org/reference/define.html#(form._((lib._racket%2Fprivate%2Fbase..rkt)._define-syntax))" class="RktStxLink" pltdoc="x">define-syntax</a></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym">hyphen-define/ok2</span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktSym">stx</span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="RktPlain"><span class="hspace">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://docs.racket-lang.org/reference/stx-patterns.html#(form._((lib._racket%2Fprivate%2Fstxcase-scheme..rkt)._syntax-case))" class="RktStxLink" pltdoc="x">syntax-case</a></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktSym">stx</span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="RktPlain"><span class="hspace">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="RktPn">[</span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://docs.racket-lang.org/reference/stx-patterns.html#(form._((lib._racket%2Fprivate%2Fstxcase-scheme..rkt).__))" class="RktStxLink" pltdoc="x">_</a></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktSym">a</span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktSym">b</span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym">args</span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://docs.racket-lang.org/reference/stx-patterns.html#(form._((lib._racket%2Fprivate%2Fstxcase-scheme..rkt)._......))" class="RktStxLink" pltdoc="x">...</a></span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktSym">body0</span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktSym">body</span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://docs.racket-lang.org/reference/stx-patterns.html#(form._((lib._racket%2Fprivate%2Fstxcase-scheme..rkt)._......))" class="RktStxLink" pltdoc="x">...</a></span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="RktPlain"><span class="hspace">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://docs.racket-lang.org/reference/stx-patterns.html#(form._((lib._racket%2Fprivate%2Fstxcase-scheme..rkt)._with-syntax))" class="RktStxLink" pltdoc="x">with-syntax</a></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktPn">[</span><span class="RktSym">name</span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym">format-id</span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktSym">stx</span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktVal">"~a-~a"</span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktRdr">#'</span><span class="RktSym">a</span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktRdr">#'</span><span class="RktSym">b</span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="RktPn">]</span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="RktPlain"><span class="hspace">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="RktRdr">#'</span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://docs.racket-lang.org/reference/define.html#(form._((lib._racket%2Fprivate%2Fbase..rkt)._define))" class="RktStxLink" pltdoc="x">define</a></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym">name</span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktSym">args</span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://docs.racket-lang.org/reference/stx-patterns.html#(form._((lib._racket%2Fprivate%2Fstxcase-scheme..rkt)._......))" class="RktStxLink" pltdoc="x">...</a></span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="RktPlain"><span class="hspace">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="RktSym">body0</span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktSym">body</span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://docs.racket-lang.org/reference/stx-patterns.html#(form._((lib._racket%2Fprivate%2Fstxcase-scheme..rkt)._......))" class="RktStxLink" pltdoc="x">...</a></span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="RktPn">]</span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr></table></td></tr><tr><td><span class="stt">&gt; </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym">hyphen-define/ok2</span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktSym">bar</span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktSym">baz</span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktVal">#t</span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="stt">&gt; </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym">bar-baz</span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr><tr><td><p><span class="RktRes">#t</span></p></td></tr></table></blockquote><p>Using <span class="RktSym">format-id</span> is convenient as it handles the tedium of -converting from syntax to datum and back again.</p><p>Recap: If you want to munge pattern variables for use in the template, -<span class="RktSym"><a href="http://docs.racket-lang.org/reference/stx-patterns.html#(form._((lib._racket%2Fprivate%2Fstxcase-scheme..rkt)._with-syntax))" class="RktStxLink" pltdoc="x">with-syntax</a></span> is your friend. Just remember you have to use -<span class="RktSym"><a href="http://docs.racket-lang.org/reference/stx-patterns.html#(form._((lib._racket%2Fprivate%2Fstxcase-scheme..rkt)._syntax))" class="RktStxLink" pltdoc="x">syntax</a></span> or <span class="stt">#</span><span class="stt">&rsquo;</span><span class="stt"></span> on the pattern variables to turn them into -fun size templates, and often also use <span class="RktSym"><a href="http://docs.racket-lang.org/reference/stxops.html#(def._((quote._~23~25kernel)._syntax-~3edatum))" class="RktValLink" pltdoc="x">syntax-&gt;datum</a></span> to get -the interesting value inside. Finally, <span class="RktSym">format-id</span> is -convenient for formatting identifier names.</p><h3>5<tt>&nbsp;</tt><a name="(part._.Syntax_parameters)"></a>Syntax parameters</h3><p>"Anaphoric if" or "aif" is a popular macro example. Instead of writing:</p><blockquote class="SCodeFlow"><table cellspacing="0" class="RktBlk"><tr><td><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://docs.racket-lang.org/reference/let.html#(form._((lib._racket%2Fprivate%2Fletstx-scheme..rkt)._let))" class="RktStxLink" pltdoc="x">let</a></span><span class="RktMeta"></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktMeta"></span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktPn">[</span><span class="RktSym">tmp</span><span class="RktMeta"></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktMeta"></span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym">big-long-calculation</span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="RktPn">]</span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="RktMeta"></span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="RktMeta"></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="RktMeta"></span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://docs.racket-lang.org/reference/if.html#(form._((quote._~23~25kernel)._if))" class="RktStxLink" pltdoc="x">if</a></span><span class="RktMeta"></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktMeta"></span><span class="RktSym">tmp</span><span class="RktMeta"></span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="RktMeta"></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="RktMeta"></span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym">foo</span><span class="RktMeta"></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktMeta"></span><span class="RktSym">tmp</span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="RktMeta"></span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="RktMeta"></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="RktMeta"></span><span class="RktVal">#f</span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="RktMeta"></span></td></tr></table></blockquote><p>You could write:</p><blockquote class="SCodeFlow"><table cellspacing="0" class="RktBlk"><tr><td><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym">aif</span><span class="RktMeta"></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktMeta"></span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym">big-long-calculation</span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="RktMeta"></span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="RktMeta"></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="RktMeta"></span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym">foo</span><span class="RktMeta"></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktMeta"></span><span class="RktSym">it</span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="RktMeta"></span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="RktMeta"></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="RktMeta"></span><span class="RktVal">#f</span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="RktMeta"></span></td></tr></table></blockquote><p>In other words, when the condition is true, an <span class="RktSym">it</span> identifier +succinctly. As we&rsquo;ve learned, we need to <span class="RktSym"><a href="http://docs.racket-lang.org/reference/require.html#(form._((lib._racket%2Fprivate%2Fbase..rkt)._require))" class="RktStxLink" pltdoc="x">require</a></span> the module +using <span class="RktSym"><a href="http://docs.racket-lang.org/reference/require.html#(form._((lib._racket%2Fprivate%2Fbase..rkt)._for-syntax))" class="RktStxLink" pltdoc="x">for-syntax</a></span>, since we need it at compile time:</p><blockquote class="SCodeFlow"><table cellspacing="0" class="RktBlk"><tr><td><span class="stt">&gt; </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://docs.racket-lang.org/reference/require.html#(form._((lib._racket%2Fprivate%2Fbase..rkt)._require))" class="RktStxLink" pltdoc="x">require</a></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://docs.racket-lang.org/reference/require.html#(form._((lib._racket%2Fprivate%2Fbase..rkt)._for-syntax))" class="RktStxLink" pltdoc="x">for-syntax</a></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktSym">racket/syntax</span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr><tr><td><table cellspacing="0" class="RktBlk"><tr><td><span class="stt">&gt; </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://docs.racket-lang.org/reference/define.html#(form._((lib._racket%2Fprivate%2Fbase..rkt)._define-syntax))" class="RktStxLink" pltdoc="x">define-syntax</a></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym">hyphen-define/ok2</span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktSym">stx</span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="RktPlain"><span class="hspace">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://docs.racket-lang.org/reference/stx-patterns.html#(form._((lib._racket%2Fprivate%2Fstxcase-scheme..rkt)._syntax-case))" class="RktStxLink" pltdoc="x">syntax-case</a></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktSym">stx</span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="RktPlain"><span class="hspace">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="RktPn">[</span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://docs.racket-lang.org/reference/stx-patterns.html#(form._((lib._racket%2Fprivate%2Fstxcase-scheme..rkt).__))" class="RktStxLink" pltdoc="x">_</a></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktSym">a</span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktSym">b</span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym">args</span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://docs.racket-lang.org/reference/stx-patterns.html#(form._((lib._racket%2Fprivate%2Fstxcase-scheme..rkt)._......))" class="RktStxLink" pltdoc="x">...</a></span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktSym">body0</span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktSym">body</span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://docs.racket-lang.org/reference/stx-patterns.html#(form._((lib._racket%2Fprivate%2Fstxcase-scheme..rkt)._......))" class="RktStxLink" pltdoc="x">...</a></span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="RktPlain"><span class="hspace">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://docs.racket-lang.org/reference/stx-patterns.html#(form._((lib._racket%2Fprivate%2Fstxcase-scheme..rkt)._with-syntax))" class="RktStxLink" pltdoc="x">with-syntax</a></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktPn">[</span><span class="RktSym">name</span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym">format-id</span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktSym">stx</span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktVal">"~a-~a"</span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktRdr">#'</span><span class="RktSym">a</span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktRdr">#'</span><span class="RktSym">b</span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="RktPn">]</span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="RktPlain"><span class="hspace">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="RktRdr">#'</span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://docs.racket-lang.org/reference/define.html#(form._((lib._racket%2Fprivate%2Fbase..rkt)._define))" class="RktStxLink" pltdoc="x">define</a></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym">name</span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktSym">args</span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://docs.racket-lang.org/reference/stx-patterns.html#(form._((lib._racket%2Fprivate%2Fstxcase-scheme..rkt)._......))" class="RktStxLink" pltdoc="x">...</a></span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="RktPlain"><span class="hspace">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="RktSym">body0</span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktSym">body</span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://docs.racket-lang.org/reference/stx-patterns.html#(form._((lib._racket%2Fprivate%2Fstxcase-scheme..rkt)._......))" class="RktStxLink" pltdoc="x">...</a></span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="RktPn">]</span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr></table></td></tr><tr><td><span class="stt">&gt; </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym">hyphen-define/ok2</span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktSym">bar</span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktSym">baz</span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktVal">#t</span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="stt">&gt; </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym">bar-baz</span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr><tr><td><p><span class="RktRes">#t</span></p></td></tr></table></blockquote><p>Using <span class="RktSym">format-id</span> is convenient as it handles the tedium of +converting from syntax to datum and back again.</p><p>To review:</p><ul><li><p>If you want to munge pattern variables for use in the +template, <span class="RktSym"><a href="http://docs.racket-lang.org/reference/stx-patterns.html#(form._((lib._racket%2Fprivate%2Fstxcase-scheme..rkt)._with-syntax))" class="RktStxLink" pltdoc="x">with-syntax</a></span> is your friend.</p></li><li><p>You will need to use <span class="RktSym"><a href="http://docs.racket-lang.org/reference/stx-patterns.html#(form._((lib._racket%2Fprivate%2Fstxcase-scheme..rkt)._syntax))" class="RktStxLink" pltdoc="x">syntax</a></span> or <span class="stt">#</span><span class="stt">&rsquo;</span><span class="stt"></span> on the pattern +variables to turn them into fun size templates.</p></li><li><p>Usually you&rsquo;ll need to use <span class="RktSym"><a href="http://docs.racket-lang.org/reference/stxops.html#(def._((quote._~23~25kernel)._syntax-~3edatum))" class="RktValLink" pltdoc="x">syntax-&gt;datum</a></span> to get the +interesting value inside.</p></li><li><p><span class="RktSym">format-id</span> is convenient for formatting identifier +names.</p></li></ul><h3>5<tt>&nbsp;</tt><a name="(part._.Syntax_parameters)"></a>Syntax parameters</h3><p>"Anaphoric if" or "aif" is a popular macro example. Instead of writing:</p><blockquote class="SCodeFlow"><table cellspacing="0" class="RktBlk"><tr><td><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://docs.racket-lang.org/reference/let.html#(form._((lib._racket%2Fprivate%2Fletstx-scheme..rkt)._let))" class="RktStxLink" pltdoc="x">let</a></span><span class="RktMeta"></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktMeta"></span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktPn">[</span><span class="RktSym">tmp</span><span class="RktMeta"></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktMeta"></span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym">big-long-calculation</span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="RktPn">]</span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="RktMeta"></span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="RktMeta"></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="RktMeta"></span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://docs.racket-lang.org/reference/if.html#(form._((quote._~23~25kernel)._if))" class="RktStxLink" pltdoc="x">if</a></span><span class="RktMeta"></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktMeta"></span><span class="RktSym">tmp</span><span class="RktMeta"></span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="RktMeta"></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="RktMeta"></span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym">foo</span><span class="RktMeta"></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktMeta"></span><span class="RktSym">tmp</span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="RktMeta"></span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="RktMeta"></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="RktMeta"></span><span class="RktVal">#f</span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="RktMeta"></span></td></tr></table></blockquote><p>You could write:</p><blockquote class="SCodeFlow"><table cellspacing="0" class="RktBlk"><tr><td><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym">aif</span><span class="RktMeta"></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktMeta"></span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym">big-long-calculation</span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="RktMeta"></span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="RktMeta"></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="RktMeta"></span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym">foo</span><span class="RktMeta"></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktMeta"></span><span class="RktSym">it</span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="RktMeta"></span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="RktMeta"></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="RktMeta"></span><span class="RktVal">#f</span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="RktMeta"></span></td></tr></table></blockquote><p>In other words, when the condition is true, an <span class="RktSym">it</span> identifier is automatically created and set to the value of the condition. This should be easy:</p><blockquote class="SCodeFlow"><table cellspacing="0" class="RktBlk"><tr><td><table cellspacing="0" class="RktBlk"><tr><td><span class="stt">&gt; </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://docs.racket-lang.org/reference/stx-patterns.html#(form._((lib._racket%2Fprivate%2Fmisc..rkt)._define-syntax-rule))" class="RktStxLink" pltdoc="x">define-syntax-rule</a></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym">aif</span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktSym">condition</span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktSym">true-expr</span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktSym">false-expr</span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="RktPlain"><span class="hspace">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://docs.racket-lang.org/reference/let.html#(form._((lib._racket%2Fprivate%2Fletstx-scheme..rkt)._let))" class="RktStxLink" pltdoc="x">let</a></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktPn">[</span><span class="RktSym">it</span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktSym">condition</span><span class="RktPn">]</span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="RktPlain"><span class="hspace">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://docs.racket-lang.org/reference/if.html#(form._((quote._~23~25kernel)._if))" class="RktStxLink" pltdoc="x">if</a></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktSym">it</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="RktPlain"><span class="hspace">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="RktSym">true-expr</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="RktPlain"><span class="hspace">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="RktSym">false-expr</span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr></table></td></tr><tr><td><span class="stt">&gt; </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym">aif</span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktVal">#t</span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://docs.racket-lang.org/reference/Writing.html#(def._((lib._racket%2Fprivate%2Fmisc..rkt)._displayln))" class="RktValLink" pltdoc="x">displayln</a></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktSym">it</span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://docs.racket-lang.org/reference/void.html#(def._((quote._~23~25kernel)._void))" class="RktValLink" pltdoc="x">void</a></span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr><tr><td><p><span class="RktErr">it: undefined;</span></p></td></tr><tr><td><p><span class="RktErr"></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktErr">cannot reference an identifier before its definition</span></p></td></tr><tr><td><p><span class="RktErr"></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="RktErr">in module: 'program</span></p></td></tr></table></blockquote><p>Wait, what? <span class="RktSym">it</span> is undefined?</p><p>It turns out that all along we have been protected from making a certain kind of mistake in our macros. The mistake is if our new @@ -213,29 +212,33 @@ to introduce a magic variable on purpose&#8212;<wbr></wbr>such as <span class="R <span class="RktSym">aif</span>.</p><p>The way to do this is with a "syntax parameter", using <span class="RktSym"><a href="http://docs.racket-lang.org/reference/stxparam.html#(form._((lib._racket%2Fstxparam..rkt)._define-syntax-parameter))" class="RktStxLink" pltdoc="x">define-syntax-parameter</a></span> and <span class="RktSym"><a href="http://docs.racket-lang.org/reference/stxparam.html#(form._((lib._racket%2Fstxparam..rkt)._syntax-parameterize))" class="RktStxLink" pltdoc="x">syntax-parameterize</a></span>. You&rsquo;re probably familiar with regular -parameters in Racket:</p><blockquote class="SCodeFlow"><table cellspacing="0" class="RktBlk"><tr><td><span class="stt">&gt; </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://docs.racket-lang.org/reference/define.html#(form._((lib._racket%2Fprivate%2Fbase..rkt)._define))" class="RktStxLink" pltdoc="x">define</a></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktSym">current-foo</span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://docs.racket-lang.org/reference/parameters.html#(def._((quote._~23~25kernel)._make-parameter))" class="RktValLink" pltdoc="x">make-parameter</a></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktVal">"some default value"</span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="stt">&gt; </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym">current-foo</span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr><tr><td><p><span class="RktRes">"some default value"</span></p></td></tr><tr><td><table cellspacing="0" class="RktBlk"><tr><td><span class="stt">&gt; </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://docs.racket-lang.org/reference/parameters.html#(form._((lib._racket%2Fprivate%2Fmore-scheme..rkt)._parameterize))" class="RktStxLink" pltdoc="x">parameterize</a></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktPn">[</span><span class="RktSym">current-foo</span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktVal">"I have a new value, for now"</span><span class="RktPn">]</span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="RktPlain"><span class="hspace">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym">current-foo</span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr></table></td></tr><tr><td><p><span class="RktRes">"I have a new value, for now"</span></p></td></tr><tr><td><span class="stt">&gt; </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym">current-foo</span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr><tr><td><p><span class="RktRes">"some default value"</span></p></td></tr></table></blockquote><blockquote class="refpara"><blockquote class="refcolumn"><blockquote class="refcontent"><p>Historically, there are other ways to do this. If you&rsquo;re -the target audience I&rsquo;m writing for, you don&rsquo;t know them yet. I -suggest not bothering to learn them, yet. (Someday if you want to -understand someone else&rsquo;s older macros, you can learn about them -then.)</p></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote><p>That&rsquo;s a normal parameter. The syntax variation works similarly. The +parameters in Racket:</p><blockquote class="SCodeFlow"><table cellspacing="0" class="RktBlk"><tr><td><span class="stt">&gt; </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://docs.racket-lang.org/reference/define.html#(form._((lib._racket%2Fprivate%2Fbase..rkt)._define))" class="RktStxLink" pltdoc="x">define</a></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktSym">current-foo</span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://docs.racket-lang.org/reference/parameters.html#(def._((quote._~23~25kernel)._make-parameter))" class="RktValLink" pltdoc="x">make-parameter</a></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktVal">"some default value"</span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="stt">&gt; </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym">current-foo</span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr><tr><td><p><span class="RktRes">"some default value"</span></p></td></tr><tr><td><table cellspacing="0" class="RktBlk"><tr><td><span class="stt">&gt; </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://docs.racket-lang.org/reference/parameters.html#(form._((lib._racket%2Fprivate%2Fmore-scheme..rkt)._parameterize))" class="RktStxLink" pltdoc="x">parameterize</a></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktPn">[</span><span class="RktSym">current-foo</span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktVal">"I have a new value, for now"</span><span class="RktPn">]</span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="RktPlain"><span class="hspace">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym">current-foo</span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr></table></td></tr><tr><td><p><span class="RktRes">"I have a new value, for now"</span></p></td></tr><tr><td><span class="stt">&gt; </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym">current-foo</span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr><tr><td><p><span class="RktRes">"some default value"</span></p></td></tr></table></blockquote><p>That&rsquo;s a normal parameter. The syntax variation works similarly. The idea is that we&rsquo;ll define <span class="RktSym">it</span> to mean an error by default. Only inside of our <span class="RktSym">aif</span> will it have a meaningful value:</p><blockquote class="SCodeFlow"><table cellspacing="0" class="RktBlk"><tr><td><span class="stt">&gt; </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://docs.racket-lang.org/reference/require.html#(form._((lib._racket%2Fprivate%2Fbase..rkt)._require))" class="RktStxLink" pltdoc="x">require</a></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktSym">racket/stxparam</span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr><tr><td><table cellspacing="0" class="RktBlk"><tr><td><span class="stt">&gt; </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://docs.racket-lang.org/reference/stxparam.html#(form._((lib._racket%2Fstxparam..rkt)._define-syntax-parameter))" class="RktStxLink" pltdoc="x">define-syntax-parameter</a></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktSym">it</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="RktPlain"><span class="hspace">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://docs.racket-lang.org/reference/lambda.html#(form._((lib._racket%2Fprivate%2Fbase..rkt)._lambda))" class="RktStxLink" pltdoc="x">lambda</a></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym">stx</span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="RktPlain"><span class="hspace">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://docs.racket-lang.org/reference/exns.html#(def._((quote._~23~25kernel)._raise-syntax-error))" class="RktValLink" pltdoc="x">raise-syntax-error</a></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://docs.racket-lang.org/reference/stxops.html#(def._((quote._~23~25kernel)._syntax-e))" class="RktValLink" pltdoc="x">syntax-e</a></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktSym">stx</span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktVal">"can only be used inside aif"</span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr></table></td></tr><tr><td><table cellspacing="0" class="RktBlk"><tr><td><span class="stt">&gt; </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://docs.racket-lang.org/reference/stx-patterns.html#(form._((lib._racket%2Fprivate%2Fmisc..rkt)._define-syntax-rule))" class="RktStxLink" pltdoc="x">define-syntax-rule</a></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym">aif</span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktSym">condition</span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktSym">true-expr</span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktSym">false-expr</span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="RktPlain"><span class="hspace">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://docs.racket-lang.org/reference/let.html#(form._((lib._racket%2Fprivate%2Fletstx-scheme..rkt)._let))" class="RktStxLink" pltdoc="x">let</a></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktPn">[</span><span class="RktSym">tmp</span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktSym">condition</span><span class="RktPn">]</span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="RktPlain"><span class="hspace">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://docs.racket-lang.org/reference/if.html#(form._((quote._~23~25kernel)._if))" class="RktStxLink" pltdoc="x">if</a></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktSym">tmp</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="RktPlain"><span class="hspace">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://docs.racket-lang.org/reference/stxparam.html#(form._((lib._racket%2Fstxparam..rkt)._syntax-parameterize))" class="RktStxLink" pltdoc="x">syntax-parameterize</a></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktPn">[</span><span class="RktSym">it</span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://docs.racket-lang.org/reference/stxtrans.html#(def._((quote._~23~25kernel)._make-rename-transformer))" class="RktValLink" pltdoc="x">make-rename-transformer</a></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktRdr">#'</span><span class="RktSym">tmp</span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="RktPn">]</span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="RktPlain"><span class="hspace">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="RktSym">true-expr</span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="RktPlain"><span class="hspace">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="RktSym">false-expr</span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr></table></td></tr><tr><td><span class="stt">&gt; </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym">aif</span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktVal">10</span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://docs.racket-lang.org/reference/Writing.html#(def._((lib._racket%2Fprivate%2Fmisc..rkt)._displayln))" class="RktValLink" pltdoc="x">displayln</a></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktSym">it</span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://docs.racket-lang.org/reference/void.html#(def._((quote._~23~25kernel)._void))" class="RktValLink" pltdoc="x">void</a></span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr><tr><td><p><span class="RktOut">10</span></p></td></tr><tr><td><span class="stt">&gt; </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym">aif</span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktVal">#f</span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://docs.racket-lang.org/reference/Writing.html#(def._((lib._racket%2Fprivate%2Fmisc..rkt)._displayln))" class="RktValLink" pltdoc="x">displayln</a></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktSym">it</span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://docs.racket-lang.org/reference/void.html#(def._((quote._~23~25kernel)._void))" class="RktValLink" pltdoc="x">void</a></span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr></table></blockquote><p>If we try to use <span class="RktSym">it</span> outside of an <span class="RktSym">aif</span> form, and <span class="RktSym">it</span> isn&rsquo;t otherwise defined, we get an error like we want:</p><blockquote class="SCodeFlow"><table cellspacing="0" class="RktBlk"><tr><td><span class="stt">&gt; </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://docs.racket-lang.org/reference/Writing.html#(def._((lib._racket%2Fprivate%2Fmisc..rkt)._displayln))" class="RktValLink" pltdoc="x">displayln</a></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktSym">it</span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr><tr><td><p><span class="RktErr">it: can only be used inside aif</span></p></td></tr></table></blockquote><p>But we can still define <span class="RktSym">it</span> as a normal variable:</p><blockquote class="SCodeFlow"><table cellspacing="0" class="RktBlk"><tr><td><span class="stt">&gt; </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://docs.racket-lang.org/reference/define.html#(form._((lib._racket%2Fprivate%2Fbase..rkt)._define))" class="RktStxLink" pltdoc="x">define</a></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktSym">it</span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktVal">10</span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="stt">&gt; </span><span class="RktSym">it</span></td></tr><tr><td><p><span class="RktRes">10</span></p></td></tr></table></blockquote><h3>6<tt>&nbsp;</tt><a name="(part._.Robust_macros__syntax-parse)"></a>Robust macros: syntax-parse</h3><p>TO-DO. TO-DO. -TO-DO.</p><h3>7<tt>&nbsp;</tt><a name="(part._.Other_questions)"></a>Other questions</h3><p>Hopefully I will answer these in the course of the other sections. But -just in case:</p><h4>7.1<tt>&nbsp;</tt><a name="(part._.What_s_the_point_of_with-syntax_)"></a>What&rsquo;s the point of <span class="RktSym"><a href="http://docs.racket-lang.org/reference/stx-patterns.html#(form._((lib._racket%2Fprivate%2Fstxcase-scheme..rkt)._with-syntax))" class="RktStxLink" pltdoc="x">with-syntax</a></span>?</h4><p>Done.</p><h4>7.2<tt>&nbsp;</tt><a name="(part._.What_s_the_point_of_begin-for-syntax_)"></a>What&rsquo;s the point of <span class="RktSym"><a href="http://docs.racket-lang.org/reference/begin.html#(form._((quote._~23~25kernel)._begin-for-syntax))" class="RktStxLink" pltdoc="x">begin-for-syntax</a></span>?</h4><p>TO-DO.</p><h4>7.3<tt>&nbsp;</tt><a name="(part._.What_s_the_point_of_racket_splicing_)"></a>What&rsquo;s the point of <span class="RktSym">racket/splicing</span>?</h4><p>TO-DO.</p><h3>8<tt>&nbsp;</tt><a name="(part._.References_.Acknowledgments)"></a>References/Acknowledgments</h3><p>Eli Barzliay wrote a blog post, - <a href="http://blog.racket-lang.org/2011/04/writing-syntax-case-macros.html">Writing -&#8216;syntax-case&#8217; Macros</a>, which explains many key details. However it&rsquo;s written -especially for people already familiar with "un-hygienic" "defmacro" -style macros. If you&rsquo;re not familiar with those, it may seem slightly -weird to the extent it&rsquo;s trying to convince you to change an opinion -you don&rsquo;t have. Even so, many key details are presented in Eli&rsquo;s typically -concise, clear fashion.</p><p>Eli Barzilay wrote another blog post, +TO-DO.</p><h3>7<tt>&nbsp;</tt><a name="(part._.Other_questions)"></a>Other questions</h3><p>Hopefully I will answer these in the course of writing the other +sections. But just in case, here&rsquo;s a running list:</p><h4>7.1<tt>&nbsp;</tt><a name="(part._.What_s_the_point_of_with-syntax_)"></a>What&rsquo;s the point of <span class="RktSym"><a href="http://docs.racket-lang.org/reference/stx-patterns.html#(form._((lib._racket%2Fprivate%2Fstxcase-scheme..rkt)._with-syntax))" class="RktStxLink" pltdoc="x">with-syntax</a></span>?</h4><p>Done.</p><h4>7.2<tt>&nbsp;</tt><a name="(part._.What_s_the_point_of_begin-for-syntax_)"></a>What&rsquo;s the point of <span class="RktSym"><a href="http://docs.racket-lang.org/reference/begin.html#(form._((quote._~23~25kernel)._begin-for-syntax))" class="RktStxLink" pltdoc="x">begin-for-syntax</a></span>?</h4><p>Done.</p><h4>7.3<tt>&nbsp;</tt><a name="(part._.What_s_the_point_of_racket_splicing_)"></a>What&rsquo;s the point of <span class="RktSym">racket/splicing</span>?</h4><p>TO-DO.</p><h3>8<tt>&nbsp;</tt><a name="(part._.References_and_.Acknowledgments)"></a>References and Acknowledgments</h3><p>Eli Barzliay&rsquo;s blog post, +<a href="http://blog.racket-lang.org/2011/04/writing-syntax-case-macros.html">Writing +&#8216;syntax-case&#8217; Macros</a>, helped me understand many key details and +concepts. It also inspired me to use a "bottom-up" approach. However +he wrote for a specific audience. If you&rsquo;re not already familiar with +un-hygienic defmacro style macros, it may seem slightly weird to the +extent it&rsquo;s trying to convince you to change an opinion you don&rsquo;t +have. I&rsquo;m writing for people who don&rsquo;t have any opinion about macros +at all, except maybe that macros seem scary and daunting.</p><p>Eli wrote another blog post, <a href="http://blog.racket-lang.org/2008/02/dirty-looking-hygiene.html">Dirty Looking Hygiene</a>, which explains syntax-parameterize. I relied heavily on that, mostly just updating it since his post was written -before PLT Scheme was renamed to Racket.</p><h3>9<tt>&nbsp;</tt><a name="(part._.Epilogue)"></a>Epilogue</h3><blockquote class="SCentered"><p>"Before I had studied Chan (Zen) for thirty years, I saw mountains as +before PLT Scheme was renamed to Racket.</p><p>After initially wondering if I was asking the wrong question and +conflating two different issues :), Shriram Krishnamurthi looked at an +early draft and encouraged me to keep going. Sam Tobin-Hochstadt also +encouraged me.</p><p>After writing much of this, I noticed that Racket&rsquo;s documentation had +improved since I last read it. Actually it was the same, and very +good&#8212;<wbr></wbr>I&rsquo;d changed. It&rsquo;s interesting how much of what we already know +is projected between the lines. That&rsquo;s what makes it so hard to write +documentation. The only advantage I had was knowing so much less.</p><h3>9<tt>&nbsp;</tt><a name="(part._.Epilogue)"></a>Epilogue</h3><blockquote class="SCentered"><p>"Before I had studied Chan (Zen) for thirty years, I saw mountains as mountains, and rivers as rivers. When I arrived at a more intimate knowledge, I came to the point where I saw that mountains are not mountains, and rivers are not rivers. But now that I have got its very